Probing the charged state of layered positive electrodes in sodium-ion batteries: reaction pathways, stability and opportunities,Journal of Materials Chemistry A

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Probing the charged state of layered positive electrodes in sodium-ion batteries: reaction pathways, stability and opportunities
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ta09553b
Jennifer H. Stansby _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Neeraj Sharma _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Damian Goonetilleke _{6,

7,

8,

9,

10}

Affiliation

Sodium-ion batteries have received significant interest as a cheaper alternative to lithium-ion batteries and could be more viable for use in large scale energy storage systems. However, similarly to lithium-ion batteries, their performance remains limited by the positive electrode materials. Layered transition metal oxides, with chemical formula Na_xMO₂, have been extensively investigated and appear to show the most promise. However, the inability to reversibly extract large amounts of sodium ions from these layered structures, by charging to high voltages, has limited the useful capacity and cycle life of these materials. To address this, numerous studies have attempted to resolve the structural and chemical changes that take place in positive electrode materials upon cycling. This is particularly important at and near the charged state, which is where the materials' structures are highly sodium deficient. Following a brief introduction into the status of sodium-ion battery positive electrodes, this work focuses on the development of knowledge and understanding into the structure of layered oxides at the charged state by highlighting cutting edge characterisation techniques that have been utilised. Finally, a perspective on future development is provided to direct further structural characterisation research which will enable the rational design of new and improved energy storage materials.

中文翻译：

探索钠离子电池中层状正极的充电状态：反应途径，稳定性和机会

钠离子电池作为锂离子电池的便宜替代品已引起广泛关注，并且可能更适合用于大规模储能系统。然而，类似于锂离子电池，它们的性能仍然受到正极材料的限制。化学式为Na _x MO _2的层状过渡金属氧化物，已被广泛调查，似乎显示出最大的希望。但是，不能通过充电到高电压而从这些层状结构中可逆地提取大量钠离子，限制了这些材料的有用容量和循环寿命。为了解决这个问题，许多研究试图解决循环时正极材料中发生的结构和化学变化。这在带电状态及带电状态附近尤其重要，在带电状态下，材料的结构严重缺钠。在简要介绍钠离子电池正极的状态之后，这项工作着重于通过强调已使用的尖端表征技术，在带电状态下对层状氧化物结构的知识和理解的发展。最后，提供了关于未来发展的观点，以指导进一步的结构表征研究，这将使合理设计新的和改进的储能材料成为可能。

更新日期：2020-11-19

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