Reactive Red 141 (RR141) is a diazo reactive dye with bright red color, high molecular weight (1,774.15 g/mol), large molecular structure (C₅₂H₂₆Cl₂N₁₄Na₈O₂₆S₈), and several reactive groups. It is a source of water contamination, because of its wide use in industry and potential toxicity. The purpose of this work is to compare different treatment methods applied to industrial water effluents polluted, especially, by this dye. Recently, several research articles have been published on decolorization of RR141 in wastewater effluents. From this survey, nanofiltration membranes prepared through single bilayer polyelectrolyte deposition and electrocoagulation appeared to be the best method, being able to ensure the highest percentage removal (99.9%) of RR141 within an application time of only about 11 min under optimum operating conditions. Nonetheless, other treatments appeared to be quite promising because of their ability to destroy the contaminant rather than simply remove it. Among them, the photo–Fenton reaction was shown to ensure the most effective chemical degradation (98%) of RR141 from aqueous solution within 30 min using CuFeO₂ as a catalyst, and Bacillus lentus BI377 its best biodegradation (99.1%) within 6 h. Further development of these methods is expected to allow more effective full-scale applications than the current ones to remove or degrade these contaminants from wastewater in the future, with a focus on RR141.

中文翻译：

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从工业废水中脱色、处理和去除活性红 141 染料的方法：批判性评论

活性红 141 (RR141) 是一种重氮活性染料，具有鲜红色、高分子量 (1,774.15 g/mol)、大分子结构 (C ₅₂ H ₂₆ Cl ₂ N ₁₄ Na ₈ O ₂₆ S ₈) 和几个反应基团。它是水污染的来源，因为它在工业中的广泛使用和潜在的毒性。这项工作的目的是比较应用于工业废水的不同处理方法，尤其是被这种染料污染的废水。最近，已经发表了几篇关于废水中 RR141 脱色的研究文章。从这项调查来看，通过单双层聚电解质沉积和电凝制备的纳滤膜似乎是最好的方法，能够确保在最佳操作条件下仅约 11 分钟的应用时间内最高去除率 (99.9%) RR141。尽管如此，其他处理方法似乎很有希望，因为它们能够破坏污染物而不是简单地去除污染物。其中，₂作为催化剂，迟缓芽孢杆菌BI377 在 6 小时内生物降解效果最好（99.1%）。预计这些方法的进一步发展将允许比目前更有效的全面应用，以在未来从废水中去除或降解这些污染物，重点是 RR141。