Extracellular vesicles are evolutionarily conserved nano-sized phospholipid membraned structures and released from virtually all types of cells into the extracellular space. Their ability to carry various molecular cargos (mRNA, miRNA, proteins, and lipids) from one cell to the other to exert functional impact on the target cells enables them to play a significant role in cell to cell communication during follicular development. As the molecular signals carried by extracellular vesicles reflect the physiological status of the cells of origin, they are expected to mediate any effect of environmental or metabolic stress on the follicualr cells and the growing oocyte. Recent studies have evidenced that reproductive cells exposed to various environmental stressors (heat and oxidative stress) released extracellular vesicles enriched with mRNA and miRNA associated with stress response mechanisms. Moreover, the metabolic status of post-calving cows could be well-reflected in the follicular extracellular vesicle's miRNA profile, which signified the potential role of extracellular cellular vesicle molecular signals in mediating the effect of metabolic stress on follicular and oocyte development. In the present review, the potential role of extracellular vesicles in mediating the effect of environmental and metabolic stress in various reproductive cells and oocytes are thoroughly discussed Moreover, considering the importance of extracellular vesicles in shuttling protective or rescuing molecular signals during stress, their potential usage as means of targeted delivery of molecules to mitigate the effect of stress on oocytes are addressed as the focus of future research.

细胞外囊泡是进化上保守的纳米级磷脂膜结构，并且实际上从所有类型的细胞释放到细胞外空间。它们能够将多种分子货物（mRNA，miRNA，蛋白质和脂质）从一个细胞携带到另一个细胞，从而对靶细胞产生功能性影响，从而使其在卵泡发育过程中在细胞间的通信中发挥重要作用。由于细胞外囊泡所携带的分子信号反映了起源细胞的生理状态，因此它们有望介导环境或代谢应激对卵泡细胞和卵母细胞生长的任何影响。最近的研究证明，暴露于各种环境应激源（热和氧化应激）的生殖细胞释放出富含与应激反应机制相关的mRNA和miRNA的细胞外囊泡。此外，产犊后母牛的代谢状态可以在滤泡细胞外囊泡的miRNA谱中得到很好的反映，这表明胞外细胞泡囊分子信号在介导代谢应激对滤泡和卵母细胞发育的影响中具有潜在作用。在本综述中，彻底讨论了细胞外囊泡在各种生殖细胞和卵母细胞中介导环境和代谢应激影响的潜在作用。此外，