For hydraulic routing through coarse rockfill dams, there is still debate on whether the inertia terms might be neglected as a result of the drag force generated by the rock materials. In this study, a one-dimensional unsteady model for flow-through rockfill dams is built. For this purpose, inertia terms of Saint–Venant equations are disregarded. A semi-implicit scheme adopted for linearizing the nonlinear friction term within the time integration satisfies the Courant–Friedrich–Lewy stability criterion. The most challenging issue in the modeling of flows through rockfill dams is the appropriate definition of boundary conditions at the dam's exit zone. In addition to the analysis of different exit boundary conditions proposed in the literature, a Neumann-type boundary condition suitable for the non-inertia wave equation is also employed to estimate the exit boundary condition. This procedure is basically in appreciation of the nonlinear behavior of the water surface closer to the exit boundary. Due to the existence of the sloping edges in the trapezoidal-shaped dam, an effective length is considered for the solution domain. Finally, the model is compared with observed data and a dynamic wave model. A very good match is observed, which builds confidence in the presented modeling approach.

对于通过粗堆石坝的水力输送，仍存在关于岩石材料产生的拉力是否会忽略惯性项的争论。在本研究中，建立了流经堆石坝的一维非定常模型。为此，可以忽略Saint-Venant方程的惯性项。在时间积分内将非线性摩擦项线性化的半隐式方案满足Courant-Friedrich-Lewy稳定性准则。通过堆石坝的水流建模中最具挑战性的问题是对坝出口区域边界条件的适当定义。除了分析文献中提出的不同出口边界条件外，适用于非惯性波动方程的诺伊曼型边界条件也被用来估计出口边界条件。此过程基本上是为了了解靠近出口边界的水面的非线性行为。由于梯形坝中存在倾斜边缘，因此考虑了有效长度。最后，将该模型与观测数据和动态波模型进行比较。观察到非常好的匹配，这为提出的建模方法建立了信心。将该模型与观测数据和动态波模型进行比较。观察到非常好的匹配，这为提出的建模方法建立了信心。将该模型与观测数据和动态波模型进行比较。观察到非常好的匹配，这为提出的建模方法建立了信心。