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South Georgia blue whales five decades after the end of whaling
Endangered Species Research ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 , DOI: 10.3354/esr01077
SV Calderan 1 , A Black 2 , TA Branch 3 , MA Collins 4 , N Kelly 5 , R Leaper 6 , S Lurcock 7 , BS Miller 5 , M Moore 8 , PA Olson 9 , A Širović 10 , AG Wood 4 , JA Jackson 4
Affiliation  

Blue whales Balaenoptera musculus at South Georgia were heavily exploited during 20th century industrial whaling, to the point of local near-extirpation. Although legal whaling for blue whales ceased in the 1960s, and there were indications of blue whale recovery across the wider Southern Ocean area, blue whales were seldom seen in South Georgia waters in subsequent years. We collated 30 yr of data comprising opportunistic sightings, systematic visual and acoustic surveys and photo-identification to assess the current distribution of blue whales in the waters surrounding South Georgia. Over 34 000 km of systematic survey data between 1998 and 2018 resulted in only a single blue whale sighting, although opportunistic sightings were reported over that time period. However, since 2018 there have been increases in both sightings of blue whales and detections of their vocalisations. A survey in 2020 comprising visual line transect surveys and directional frequency analysis and recording (DIFAR) sonobuoy deployments resulted in 58 blue whale sightings from 2430 km of visual effort, including the photo-identification of 23 individual blue whales. Blue whale vocalisations were detected on all 31 sonobuoys deployed (114 h). In total, 41 blue whales were photo-identified from South Georgia between 2011 and 2020, none of which matched the 517 whales in the current Antarctic catalogue. These recent data suggest that blue whales have started to return to South Georgia waters, but continued visual and acoustic surveys are required to monitor any future changes in their distribution and abundance.

中文翻译:

捕鲸结束五年后的南乔治亚蓝鲸

南乔治亚岛的蓝鲸 Balaenoptera musculus 在 20 世纪的工业捕鲸期间被大量开发,直至当地濒临灭绝。尽管蓝鲸的合法捕鲸活动在 1960 年代停止,并且有迹象表明蓝鲸在更广阔的南大洋地区有所恢复,但随后几年在南乔治亚岛水域很少看到蓝鲸。我们整理了 30 年的数据,包括机会性目击、系统的视觉和声学调查以及照片识别,以评估蓝鲸在南乔治亚岛周围水域的当前分布。1998 年至 2018 年间超过 34 000 公里的系统调查数据仅导致了一次蓝鲸的目击,尽管在此期间报告了机会性目击事件。然而,自 2018 年以来,蓝鲸的目击率和对它们发声的探测都有所增加。2020 年的一项调查包括视线横断面调查和定向频率分析和记录 (DIFAR) 声纳浮标部署,在 2430 公里的目视工作中发现了 58 只蓝鲸,其中包括对 23 只蓝鲸的照片识别。在部署的所有 31 个声纳浮标上都检测到蓝鲸发声(114 小时)。2011 年至 2020 年期间,总共有 41 头蓝鲸在南乔治亚岛被照片识别,其中没有一条与当前南极目录中的 517 头鲸鱼相符。这些最近的数据表明蓝鲸已经开始返回南乔治亚岛水域,但需要继续进行视觉和声学调查,以监测其分布和数量的任何未来变化。2020 年的一项调查包括视线横断面调查和定向频率分析和记录 (DIFAR) 声纳浮标部署,在 2430 公里的目视工作中发现了 58 只蓝鲸,其中包括对 23 只蓝鲸的照片识别。在部署的所有 31 个声纳浮标上都检测到蓝鲸发声(114 小时)。2011 年至 2020 年期间,总共有 41 头蓝鲸在南乔治亚岛被照片识别,其中没有一条与当前南极目录中的 517 头鲸鱼相符。这些最近的数据表明蓝鲸已经开始返回南乔治亚岛水域,但需要继续进行视觉和声学调查,以监测其分布和数量的任何未来变化。2020 年的一项调查包括视线横断面调查和定向频率分析和记录 (DIFAR) 声纳浮标部署,在 2430 公里的目视工作中发现了 58 只蓝鲸,其中包括对 23 只蓝鲸的照片识别。在部署的所有 31 个声纳浮标上都检测到蓝鲸发声(114 小时)。在 2011 年至 2020 年期间,总共有 41 头蓝鲸在南乔治亚岛被照片识别,其中没有一条与当前南极目录中的 517 头鲸鱼相符。这些最近的数据表明蓝鲸已经开始返回南乔治亚岛水域,但需要继续进行视觉和声学调查,以监测其分布和数量的任何未来变化。
更新日期:2020-11-19
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