Due to their high solubility and stability, neonicotinoid insecticides are able to accumulate in water bodies, affecting aquatic organisms. The aims of this study were to evaluate resistance (LC₅₀) of Anopheles messeae s.l. (Anopheles messeae and An. daciae) to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and to search for genetic markers associated with insecticide resistance. The LC₅₀ values of these species in the collections during 2017 and 2018 were indistinguishable and were in the range of 0.027–0.051 mg/l. In general, the LC₅₀ values of the mosquitoes were comparable with values of other mosquito species of the Anopheles and Culex genera. Gene polymorphisms of the variations in intron lengths and the presence of restriction sites in introns that were potentially associated with the metabolism of insecticides were studied. Polymorphisms of the studied genes in the pair of closely related species considered overlapped, but allele frequencies were different. Part of the genetic variants arose due to insertions of repetitive elements of the genome. Two variants of the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6AG1 in An. daciae were associated with increased resistance to imidacloprid. Possible side effects of selection on insecticide resistance in blood-sucking mosquitoes are discussed.

中文翻译：

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吡虫啉抗性相关按蚊内含子基因多态性分析

由于其高溶解度和稳定性，新烟碱类杀虫剂能够在水体中积累，影响水生生物。本研究的目的是评估Anopheles messaeae sl（Anopheles messaeae和An. daciae ）对新烟碱类吡虫啉的抗性（LC ₅₀），并寻找与杀虫剂抗性相关的遗传标记。2017 年和 2018 年收集的这些物种的 LC _{50值无法区分，范围为 0.027–0.051 mg/l。}一般而言，蚊子的 LC _50值与按蚊和库蚊的其他蚊子物种的值相当属。研究了内含子长度变异的基因多态性和内含子中限制性位点的存在，这些位点可能与杀虫剂的代谢有关。在这对密切相关的物种中，研究基因的多态性被认为是重叠的，但等位基因频率不同。部分遗传变异是由于基因组重复元件的插入而产生的。An中细胞色素P450基因Cyp6AG1的两种变体。daciae与吡虫啉耐药性增加有关。讨论了选择对吸血蚊子的杀虫剂抗性可能产生的副作用。