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On a Possible Mechanism of Reactivation of Decayed Branches of Negative Stepped Leaders
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033305
Z. Ding 1 , V. A. Rakov 1 , Y. Zhu 2 , M. D. Tran 3
Affiliation  

Using visible‐range and infrared (3–5 μm) high‐speed video cameras, we observed luminosity transients that reilluminated decayed branches of two close (2 to 4 km) negative stepped leaders in Florida. Leader branches were energized via stepping at their tips and, as a result, were most heated near their lower ends, with the hotter sections being connected via cooler sections to the trunk. In the modeling of lightning leaders, usually a single tip is considered. In contrast, in the present study, many (up to 30 per major branch) tips were active at the same time, forming a network‐like structure with a descending multitip “ionization front” whose transverse dimensions were of the order of hundreds of meters. The front exhibited alternating stepping, with each step necessarily generating a positive charge wave traveling from the leader tip up along the channel, like a mini return stroke. We inferred that the step‐related waves can cause luminosity transients in the remnants of decayed negative branches at higher altitudes. Such reactivated branches, in turn, may facilitate further leader stepping at lower altitudes, as first reported by Stolzenburg et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022933). The reactivation process is likely to involve multiple steps, as evidenced by a large number of active tips (some tens per 50‐μs frame) and corresponding electric field pulses occurring at time intervals of 2 μs or less. Additionally, our observations suggest that a transient in one decayed branch can trigger (or assist with triggering of) a transient in another branch.

中文翻译:

关于负阶领导者衰弱分支重新激活的可能机制

使用可见光和红外(3-5μm)高速摄像机,我们观察到了亮度瞬变现象,重新照亮了佛罗里达州两个近距离(2至4 km)负阶梯阶梯头的衰落分支。领先者的树枝通过踩在顶端而获得能量,因此,在其下端附近受到的热量最大,而较热的部分则通过较凉的部分连接到树干。在对雷电引导者进行建模时,通常只考虑一个技巧。相反,在本研究中,许多尖端(每个主要分支最多30个)同时处于活动状态,形成了具有降序的多尖端“电离前沿”的网络状结构,其横向尺寸约为数百个米。正面展现出交替的踩踏感,每个步骤必定会产生一个正电荷波,从前导尖端沿着通道向上传播,就像一个微型回程一样。我们推断,与阶梯相关的波可以在更高海拔的衰落的负分支残留物中引起光度瞬变。反过来,如Stolzenburg等人首次报道的那样,这种重新激活的分支可能有助于在较低的高度进一步引导前导。(2015)。重新激活过程可能涉及多个步骤,如大量活动尖端(每50μs帧几十个尖端)和以2μs或更短的时间间隔出现的相应电场脉冲所证明的那样。此外,我们的观察结果表明,一个衰变分支中的瞬变可以触发(或协助触发)另一分支中的瞬变。我们推断,与阶梯相关的波可以在更高海拔的衰落的负分支残留物中引起光度瞬变。反过来,如Stolzenburg等人首次报道的那样,这种重新激活的分支可能有助于在较低的高度进一步引导前导。(2015)。重新激活过程可能涉及多个步骤,如大量活动尖端(每50μs帧几十个尖端)和以2μs或更短的时间间隔出现的相应电场脉冲所证明的那样。此外,我们的观察结果表明,一个衰变分支中的瞬变可以触发(或协助触发)另一分支中的瞬变。我们推断,与阶梯相关的波可以在更高海拔的衰落的负分支残留物中引起光度瞬变。反过来,如Stolzenburg等人首次报道的那样,这种重新激活的分支可能有助于在较低的高度进一步引导前导。(2015)。重新激活过程可能涉及多个步骤,如大量活动尖端(每50μs帧几十个尖端)和以2μs或更短的时间间隔出现的相应电场脉冲所证明的那样。此外,我们的观察结果表明,一个衰变分支中的瞬变可以触发(或协助触发)另一分支中的瞬变。最早由Stolzenburg等报道。(2015)。重新激活过程可能涉及多个步骤,如大量活动尖端(每50μs帧几十个尖端)和以2μs或更短的时间间隔出现的相应电场脉冲所证明的那样。此外,我们的观察结果表明,一个衰变分支中的瞬变可以触发(或协助触发)另一分支中的瞬变。最早由Stolzenburg等报道。(2015)。重新激活过程可能涉及多个步骤,如大量活动尖端(每50μs帧几十个尖端)和以2μs或更短的时间间隔出现的相应电场脉冲所证明的那样。此外,我们的观察结果表明,一个衰变分支中的瞬变可以触发(或协助触发)另一分支中的瞬变。
更新日期:2020-12-02
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