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Social media reveals consistently disproportionate tourism pressure on a threatened marine vertebrate
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12656
K. Papafitsoros 1, 2 , A. Panagopoulou 1, 3 , G. Schofield 4
Affiliation  

Establishing how wildlife viewing pressure is distributed across individual animals within a population can inform the management of this activity, and ensure targeted individuals or groups are sufficiently protected. Here, we used social media data to quantify whether tourism pressure varies in a loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta population and elucidate the potential implications. Laganas Bay (Zakynthos, Greece) supports both breeding (migratory, and hence transient) and foraging (resident) turtles, with turtle viewing representing a major component of the tourism industry. Social media entries spanning two seasons (April to November, 2018 and 2019) were evaluated, and turtles were identified via photo-identification. For the 2 years, 1684 and 2105 entries of 139 and 122 unique turtles were obtained from viewings, respectively (boats and underwater combined). However, while residents represented less than one-third of uniquely identified turtles, they represented 81.9 and 87.9% of all entries. Even when the seasonal breeding population was present (May to July), residents represented more than 60% of entries. Notably, the same small number of residents (<10), mostly males, were consistently viewed in both years; however, different individuals were targeted by boats versus underwater. Thus, turtles appear to remain in the area despite high viewing intensity, possibly indicating low disturbance. However, photo-identification records revealed a high risk of propeller and boat strike to residents (30%) leading to trauma and mortality. To reduce this threat, we recommend the compulsory use of propeller guards for all boats, compliance with speed regulations and the creation of temporary ‘refuge’ zones for resident animals at viewing hotspots, with these suggestions likely being relevant for other wildlife with similar population dynamics. In conclusion, social media represents a useful tool for monitoring individuals at a population scale, evaluating the pressure under which they are placed, and providing sufficient data to refine wildlife viewing guidelines and/or zoning.

中文翻译:

社交媒体揭示了对受威胁的海洋脊椎动物的持续不成比例的旅游压力

确定野生动物观赏压力如何在种群中的个体动物之间分配可以为这项活动的管理提供信息,并确保目标个人或群体得到充分保护。在这里,我们使用社交媒体数据来量化蠵龟Caretta caretta 的旅游压力是否有所不同人口并阐明潜在的影响。拉加纳斯湾(希腊扎金索斯)支持海龟繁殖(迁徙,因此是短暂的)和觅食(居民)海龟,海龟观赏是旅游业的一个主要组成部分。对跨越两个季节(2018 年 4 月至 11 月和 2019 年)的社交媒体条目进行了评估,并通过照片识别来识别海龟。两年来,分别从观察(船和水下组合)中获得了 139 和 122 只独特海龟的 1684 和 2105 个条目。然而,虽然居民只占唯一标识的海龟的不到三分之一,但它们占所有条目的 81.9% 和 87.9%。即使存在季节性繁殖种群(5 月至 7 月),居民也占条目的 60% 以上。值得注意的是,同样少数的居民(<10),主要是男性,在这两年里一直被观看;然而,不同的人被船和水下作为目标。因此,尽管观看强度很高,海龟似乎仍留在该地区,这可能表明干扰很小。然而,照片识别记录显示,螺旋桨和船只撞击居民的风险很高(30%),导致创伤和死亡。为了减少这种威胁,我们建议所有船只强制使用螺旋桨防护装置,遵守速度规定,并在观察热点为常住动物创建临时“避难”区,这些建议可能与其他具有类似种群动态的野生动物相关. 总之,社交媒体是一种有用的工具,可以在人口规模上监控个人,评估他们所承受的压力,
更新日期:2020-11-18
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