Interference from related memories is generally considered one of the major causes of forgetting in human memory. The most prevalent form of interference may be proactive interference (PI), which refers to the finding that memory of more recently studied information can be impaired by the previous study of other information. PI is a fairly persistent effect, but numerous studies have shown that there can also be release from PI. PI buildup and release have primarily been studied using paired-associate learning, the Brown-Peterson task, or multiple-list learning. The review first introduces the three experimental tasks and, for each task, summarizes critical findings on PI buildup and release, from both behavioral and imaging work. Then, an overview is provided of suggested cognitive mechanisms operating on the encoding and retrieval stages as well as of neural correlates of these mechanisms. The results indicate that, in general, both encoding and retrieval processes contribute to PI buildup and release. Finally, empirical gaps in the current work are emphasized and suggestions for future studies are provided.

来自相关记忆的干扰通常被认为是人类记忆中遗忘的主要原因之一。干扰的最普遍形式可能是主动干扰（PI），它是指以前对其他信息的研究可能损害对最近研究的信息的记忆的发现。PI是一种相当持久的作用，但是许多研究表明，PI也可能释放出PI。PI的建立和发布主要是通过配对学习，Brown-Peterson任务或多列表学习进行的。该评论首先介绍了三个实验任务，并针对每个任务总结了行为和影像工作中关于PI积累和释放的重要发现。然后，概述了在编码和检索阶段起作用的建议认知机制以及这些机制的神经相关性。结果表明，一般而言，编码和检索过程都有助于PI的建立和释放。最后，强调了当前工作中的经验差距，并为今后的研究提供了建议。