Abstract Street trees are often unequally distributed in urban areas, and their physical and structural attributes, such as extent of canopy cover, species composition, and size distribution, are also spatially heterogeneous. Some studies report that inequalities are more prevalent in streetscapes than in private landscapes. Considering the existing inequality issues and public nature of street trees, street tree inequality studies warrant greater attention. However, most existing studies in this field focus heavily on the unequal distribution of tree canopy cover, while disregarding other tree attributes. In this study, seven street tree measures covering tree abundance, species diversity, and size structure were derived from high-resolution satellite images, Google Street View, and street tree census. We then applied the geographically weighted regression to these seven tree measures in New York City, United States, compared street tree inequalities among different socioeconomic groups, and identified inequality hotspots. Our results show that street tree inequalities are greatest with respect to tree abundance and species diversity. Furthermore, race-based and education-based inequalities are most notable, and age-, income-, and household characteristic-based inequalities were also detected based on tree abundance or species diversity. Socially vulnerable areas that suffer the most severe inequalities are clustered in Brooklyn and Queens. Disaggregated street tree inequalities, with explicit recognition of the differentiated distribution of limited tree resources among different social groups and across geographical areas, are critical for effective decision-making to alleviate environmental inequities.

中文翻译：

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纽约市行道树丰度、物种多样性和规模结构的社会经济和空间不平等

摘要 行道树在城市地区往往分布不均，其物理和结构属性，如冠层覆盖范围、物种组成和大小分布，在空间上也存在异质性。一些研究报告称，街景中的不平等现象比私人景观中更为普遍。考虑到行道树存在的不平等问题和公共性质，行道树不平等研究值得更多关注。然而，该领域现有的大多数研究主要集中在树冠盖度分布不均的问题上，而忽略了其他树木属性。在这项研究中，从高分辨率卫星图像、谷歌街景和行道树普查中得出了七种行道树测量值，涵盖了树木丰度、物种多样性和大小结构。然后，我们将地理加权回归应用于美国纽约市的这七种树木测量，比较了不同社会经济群体之间的行道树不平等，并确定了不平等热点。我们的结果表明，行道树在树木丰度和物种多样性方面的不平等最大。此外，基于种族和教育的不平等最为显着，基于树木丰度或物种多样性的基于年龄、收入和家庭特征的不平等也被发现。遭受最严重不平等的社会脆弱地区集中在布鲁克林和皇后区。分解行道树不平等，明确承认有限树木资源在不同社会群体之间和跨地理区域的差异化分布，