The safety of agricultural products has always been a matter of great concern to people. To address this concern, many blockchain-based agricultural product traceability systems (BAPTSs) have been constructed. The implementation of such systems necessitates the selection of an appropriate design scheme. However, due to the diversity of agricultural products and the uncertainty of the environment, selecting an adequate design scheme for BAPTS is a difficult task for decision-makers. Because the q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) set can dynamically delineate the space of uncertain information, this paper proposes a decision algorithm for selecting a design scheme for BAPTS using the q-ROF set. Herein, we first combine the Muirhead mean operator and power operator to develop the q-ROF power Muirhead Mean (q-ROFPMM) operator and the q-ROF weighted power Muirhead Mean (q-ROFWPMM) operator. Then, we investigate several properties of the proposed operators. Further, we construct a novel multi-criteria decision-making framework for evaluating and selecting the design scheme for BAPTS based on the q-ROFWPMM operator. Next, a case study on BAPTS selection is presented to validate our method. Finally, the results of sensitivity and comparative analyses are provided to verify the efficiency and accuracy of our method. The results show that our method can effectively address the issues of BAPTS evaluation and selection, capture the relationships between any number of criteria, and eliminate the negative effects of abnormal expert evaluation values on decision-making results.

农产品的安全性一直是人们高度关注的问题。为了解决这个问题，已经构建了许多基于区块链的农产品可追溯系统（BAPTS）。这种系统的实施需要选择适当的设计方案。但是，由于农产品的多样性和环境的不确定性，为BAPTS选择合适的设计方案对于决策者来说是一项艰巨的任务。由于q-阶邻对模糊（q-ROF）集可以动态地描述不确定信息的空间，因此本文提出了一种使用q-ROF集选择BAPTS设计方案的决策算法。在这里 我们首先结合Muirhead均值算子和幂算子来开发q-ROF功率Muirhead均值（q-ROFPMM）算子和q-ROF加权功率Muirhead均值（q-ROFWPMM）算子。然后，我们研究拟议的运营商的几个属性。此外，我们构建了一个新颖的多准则决策框架，用于基于q-ROFWPMM运算符评估和选择BAPTS的设计方案。接下来，提出了一个关于BAPTS选择的案例研究，以验证我们的方法。最后，提供了灵敏度和比较分析的结果，以验证我们方法的效率和准确性。结果表明，我们的方法可以有效解决BAPTS评估和选择问题，捕获任意多个标准之间的关系，