Abstract The use of alternative fuels is an essential element in future aviation. There are currently different approaches with regard to fuel production processes and feedstock materials. This requires flexible handling of available fuel quantities. The production of fuel mixtures (blends) is inevitable for an effective usage of commercially available fuel components. Within the framework of the project DEMO-SPK approx. 600 t of a ternary mixture (multiblend) of alternative jet fuels was produced and used in a real airport infrastructure at the airport Leipzig/Halle. Production and application were accompanied by extensive R&D activities to show that on-spec, semi-synthetic multiblends can be produced from several different synthetic fuels. One important aspect is the emission of soot particles from aircraft engines. The Multiblend Jet A-1 has been analyzed in a flow reactor setup regarding the formation of soot precursor compounds in comparison to a reference Jet A-1. The experiment revealed a lower formation of relevant soot precursors which also corresponds to the higher hydrogen content of the Multiblend Jet A-1 compared to the reference fuel. The lower soot formation in a real aircraft engine has been proven during ground runs of an A300-600 aircraft with PW4158 engines. The Multiblend Jet A-1 showed lower particle number and particle mass emission than the reference fuel. The difference to the reference fuel decreased with increasing power settings. In summary, the emission of particle mass is reduced by ~ 29 % and the number of emitted particles is reduced by ~ 37 % if the ICAO landing-and-take-off cycle is used for evaluation.

中文翻译：

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三元替代喷气燃料混合物的技术应用——化学特性和对喷气发动机颗粒排放的影响

摘要 替代燃料的使用是未来航空的基本要素。目前有关于燃料生产过程和原料材料的不同方法。这需要灵活处理可用燃料量。燃料混合物（共混物）的生产对于有效使用市售燃料组分是不可避免的。在项目 DEMO-SPK 的框架内。生产了 600 吨替代喷气燃料的三元混合物（多混合物），并用于莱比锡/哈勒机场的实际机场基础设施。生产和应用伴随着广泛的研发活动，以表明可以用几种不同的合成燃料生产符合规格的半合成多混合物。一个重要的方面是飞机发动机排放的烟尘颗粒。与参考 Jet A-1 相比，Multiblend Jet A-1 在流动反应器设置中分析了烟尘前体化合物的形成。实验表明相关烟灰前体的形成较少，这也对应于 Multiblend Jet A-1 与参考燃料相比更高的氢含量。在配备 PW4158 发动机的 A300-600 飞机的地面运行中，真实飞机发动机中较低的碳烟形成已得到证实。Multiblend Jet A-1 显示出比参考燃料更低的颗粒数量和颗粒质量排放。与参考燃料的差异随着功率设置的增加而减小。总之，如果使用国际民航组织着陆和起飞周期进行评估，则粒子质量的排放量减少约 29%，排放的粒子数减少约 37%。