Abstract Paper-based (PB) sketching involves the challenge of representing three-dimensional (3D) shapes on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. The recent generation of virtual reality (VR) sketching tools offer a way to overcome this challenge. These immersive 3D sketching environments permit the rapid construction of freehand stroke-based 3D models in 3D space while replicating the immediate experience of PB sketching. To explore the potential advantages of VR sketching in visual thinking and visual communication, we conducted investigations with sixteen architectural students engaged in PB and VR sketching tasks. We observed their visualization behavior during VR sketching and their behavior in transitioning between PB and VR sketching. The participants experiences of the two media were also recorded in semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Our observations show that immersive 3D sketching is a unique form of visual representation that facilitates the rapid and flexible creation of large and detailed (but inaccurate) 3D computer models. It is a multimodal medium that supports visual thinking and communication behaviors associated with PB sketching, CAD modeling, physical model-making and gesturing, all within the same space. This unique combination enables users to engage in visual thinking and visual communication activities in ways that cannot presently be achieved with any other single representation technique.

中文翻译：

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沉浸式 3D 素描工具：对视觉思维和交流的影响

摘要 纸基 (PB) 草图涉及在二维 (2D) 表面上表示三维 (3D) 形状的挑战。最新一代的虚拟现实 (VR) 草图工具提供了一种克服这一挑战的方法。这些沉浸式 3D 草图环境允许在 3D 空间中快速构建基于手绘笔画的 3D 模型，同时复制 PB 草图的即时体验。为了探索 VR 素描在视觉思维和视觉传达方面的潜在优势，我们对 16 名从事 PB 和 VR 素描任务的建筑专业学生进行了调查。我们观察了它们在 VR 草图绘制过程中的可视化行为以及它们在 PB 和 VR 草图绘制之间的转换行为。两种媒体的参与者体验也记录在半结构化访谈和问卷调查中。我们的观察表明，沉浸式 3D 草图是一种独特的视觉表示形式，有助于快速灵活地创建大型和详细（但不准确）的 3D 计算机模型。它是一种多模式媒体，支持与 PB 草图、CAD 建模、物理模型制作和手势相关的视觉思维和交流行为，所有这些都在同一空间内。这种独特的组合使用户能够以目前任何其他单一表示技术无法实现的方式进行视觉思维和视觉交流活动。它是一种多模式媒介，支持与 PB 草图、CAD 建模、物理模型制作和手势相关的视觉思维和交流行为，所有这些都在同一空间内。这种独特的组合使用户能够以目前任何其他单一表示技术无法实现的方式进行视觉思维和视觉交流活动。它是一种多模式媒介，支持与 PB 草图、CAD 建模、物理模型制作和手势相关的视觉思维和交流行为，所有这些都在同一空间内。这种独特的组合使用户能够以目前任何其他单一表示技术无法实现的方式进行视觉思维和视觉交流活动。