The considerable increment in the use of Nanoparticles in the industry has been recognized as an environmental concern today. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of green synthesized cadmium nanoparticles [Cd]^NPs using Moringa oleifera leaves extract on multi-biomarkers in Oreochromis niloticus after four weeks of exposure. The results showed that LC₅₀ values of [Cd]^NPs for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 2.17, 1.75, 1.49 and 1.22 mg l⁻¹, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value in fish exposed to [Cd]^NPs. The mean corpuscular volume and neutrophils were increased. [Cd]^NPs exposure to fish has led to cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in the erythrocytes. Significant changes were observed in the cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine levels of the fish exposed to [Cd]^NPs. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased. Glucose, total lipids, urea, and creatinine levels increased in the serum of fish exposed to [Cd]^NPs, whereas total protein contents and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased. A significant reduction was observed in glycogen, total antioxidant levels, and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities of fish exposed to [Cd]^NPs. In contrast, the [Cd]NPs exposure resulted in a significant increase in DNA fragmentation percentages, lipid peroxidation, and carbonyl protein levels in different tissues. The results of the present study confirmed that [Cd]^NPs has the toxicity potential to cause Cyto-genotoxicity, oxidative damages, changes in the hematological and biochemical changes, and endocrine disruptor in the fish.

当今，纳米颗粒在工业中的大量使用已被认为是环境问题。因此，本研究旨在探讨绿色合成的纳米镉[CD]的毒性作用^纳米颗粒使用辣木叶提取物对多种生物标志物在尼罗罗非鱼4周暴露后。结果表明，[Cd] ^NPs在^24、48、72和96 h的LC ₅₀值分别为2.17、1.75、1.49和1.22 mg l ^-1。暴露于[Cd] ^NPs的鱼的白细胞和红细胞，血红蛋白，血细胞比容和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度值显着下降。平均红细胞体积和中性粒细胞增加。[Cd] ^NPs暴露于鱼类导致了红细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性变化。暴露于[Cd] ^NPs的鱼的皮质醇，三碘甲状腺素和甲状腺素水平发生了显着变化。天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶的活性增加。暴露于[Cd] ^NPs的鱼血清中的葡萄糖，总脂质，尿素和肌酐水平增加，而总蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性下降。暴露于[Cd] ^NPs的鱼的糖原，总抗氧化剂水平以及超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性显着降低。相反，[Cd] NPs暴露导致不同组织中DNA片段化百分比，脂质过氧化和羰基蛋白水平显着增加。本研究的结果证实，[Cd] ^NPs具有引起鱼类细胞遗传毒性，氧化损伤，血液和生化变化以及内分泌干扰物的潜在毒性。