Abstract Biofouling is defined by the adsorption of biomolecules or microorganisms on technical surfaces, which are causing adverse effects on the functionality (decrease of ship speed) and safety (infections of implants) of quite a number of industrial products. Conventional, anti-biofouling in marine environments is done by coating a technical surface with highly poisonous tin-organic, which have already been banned for environmental protection. Therefore, the developing of biologically benign coatings becomes a long-term pursue for the industry. Here, we study the Chlorella vulgaris settlement on self-disinfecting titanium dioxide surfaces with three different micro-structures: a flat surface, a light harvesting surface with nano-structure and a hierarchical surface structure, spanning over 5 orders of magnitude (from 0.1 nm to 10 μm). These titanium dioxide surfaces were prepared by Ostwald ripening. This sample manufacturing process gains new catalytic properties as a self-cleaning effect, especially for the light harvesting surface with nano-structure (bulk metallic glass). Chlorella vulgaris dispersions were growing in glass flasks together with the different surface samples over the full time of the experiments. Therefore, this study was made as part of a laboratory scale test. It was found, that bulk metallic glass structures made by Ostwald ripening are showing the highest catalytic and at the same time the best self-cleaning effects. Additionally, the Chlorella vulgaris settlement probability was found to depend on the Wenzel roughness. The surfaces with a high Wenzel roughness were the ones with the lowest Chlorella vulgaris settlement. A semi-field test is proving the comparable antibiofouling performance of our surfaces with existing polymeric or sharkskin like structures on the timescale of one month.

中文翻译：

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降低普通小球藻在具有分级纳米结构的光化学活性陶瓷上的沉降概率

摘要 生物污垢是指生物分子或微生物吸附在技术表面上，对相当多的工业产品的功能性（降低船速）和安全性（植入物感染）造成不利影响。传统的海洋环境中的防生物污损是通过在技术表面涂上剧毒的有机锡来完成的，这已经被禁止用于环境保护。因此，生物良性涂层的开发成为行业的长期追求。在这里，我们研究了普通小球藻在具有三种不同微结构的自消毒二氧化钛表面上的沉降：平坦表面、具有纳米结构的光收集表面和分层表面结构，跨越超过 5 个数量级（从 0.1 nm至 10 微米）。这些二氧化钛表面是通过奥斯特瓦尔德熟化制备的。这种样品制造过程获得了新的催化性能作为自清洁效果，特别是对于具有纳米结构的光收集表面（块状金属玻璃）。在整个实验期间，普通小球藻分散体与不同表面样品一起在玻璃烧瓶中生长。因此，本研究是作为实验室规模测试的一部分进行的。结果表明，由奥斯特瓦尔德熟化制成的块状金属玻璃结构表现出最高的催化作用，同时具有最好的自清洁效果。此外，发现普通小球藻沉降概率取决于 Wenzel 粗糙度。具有高 Wenzel 粗糙度的表面是具有最低普通小球藻沉降的表面。