Multi-agent systems constitute a wide class of decentralised systems. Their functions are usually carried out by collaborative activities of agents. To ensure resilience of multi-agent systems, we should endow them with a capability to dynamically reconfigure. Usually, as a result of reconfiguration, the existing relationships between agents are changed and new collaborations are established. This is a complex and error-prone process, which can be facilitated by the use of formal reasoning and automated verification. In this paper, we propose a generic resilience-explicit formalisation of the main concepts of multi-agent systems. Based on it, we introduce corresponding specification and refinement patterns in Event-B. Our patterns facilitate modelling behaviour of resilient multi-agent systems in a rigorous systematic way and verification of their properties. We demonstrate the application of the proposed approach by a case study—a smart warehouse system.

中文翻译：

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建模弹性协作多代理系统

多代理系统构成了一大类去中心化系统。它们的功能通常由代理的协作活动来执行。为了确保多代理系统的弹性，我们应该赋予它们动态重新配置的能力。通常，作为重新配置的结果，代理之间的现有关系会发生变化并建立新的协作。这是一个复杂且容易出错的过程，可以通过使用形式推理和自动验证来简化。在本文中，我们提出了多代理系统主要概念的通用弹性显式形式化。在此基础上，我们在Event-B中引入了相应的规范和细化模式。我们的模式以严格的系统方式促进了弹性多代理系统的建模行为并验证了它们的属性。我们通过一个案例研究——一个智能仓库系统来展示所提出的方法的应用。