Substituted phenylamine antioxidants (SPAs) are used in Canadian industrial processes. SPAs, specifically N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (PNA), have received very little attention despite their current use in Canada and their expected aquatic and environmental releases. There is a research gap regarding the effects of PNA in wildlife; therefore, Chelydra serpentina (common snapping turtle) was studied due to its importance as an environmental indicator species. A chronic experiment was performed using PNA spiked food (0 to 3446 ng/g) to determine its toxicity to juvenile C. serpentina. A significant increase in cyp1a mRNA level was observed in the liver of turtles exposed to 3446 ng/g PNA, suggesting that phase I detoxification is activated in the exposed animals. Additionally, a significant decrease in cyp2b transcript level was observed at the two lowest PNA doses, likely indicating another metabolic alteration for PNA. This study helped determine the molecular effects associated with a PNA exposure in reptiles.

取代的苯胺抗氧化剂（SPA）用于加拿大的工业过程。SPA，特别是N-苯基-1-萘胺（PNA），尽管目前在加拿大使用以及预期的水生和环境释放，但很少受到关注。关于PNA在野生生物中的作用存在研究空白。因此，由于其作为环境指示物种的重要性，对Che龟（Chelydra serpentina）（普通的鳄龟）进行了研究。使用PNA加标食品（0到3446 ng / g）进行了一项慢性实验，以确定其对幼虫C. serpentina的毒性。cyp1a显着增加在暴露于3446 ng / g PNA的海龟肝脏中观察到mRNA水平，表明在暴露的动物中I期排毒被激活。此外，在两个最低的PNA剂量下，cyp2b转录水平显着下降，这可能表明PNA的另一种代谢改变。这项研究有助于确定与爬行动物中PNA暴露相关的分子效应。