The presence of bioaerosols in the airborne fine particulate matters (PM2.5) has raised public concern due to their pathogenic effects on human. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of airborne bacteria and fungi and their association with PM2.5 and meteorological parameters in Isfahan. Air samples were collected from seven different locations of Isfahan city using SKC pumps connected to glass impingers containing a buffer solution and analyzed by the cell culture method. The meteorological variables were obtained from the provincial meteorological office, and the data of atmospheric PM2.5 were taken from the Department of Environment. The highest and the lowest bacterial levels were found at station 7 (114.4 (40–254.2) CFU/m3) and station 3 (39.6 (12–67.5) CFU/m3), respectively. While, the highest and the lowest fungal levels were observed at station 5 (61.1 (22.5–117)) and station 4 (26.9 (0–50)) CFU/m3, respectively. The most predominant bacteria were Gram-positive bacilli, and that for fungi were Dematiaceous and Yeast. The microbial levels varied between various months and the mean concentration of 76 CFU/m3 for bacteria and 46 CFU/m3 for fungi were obtained. The average of airborne PM2.5 concentrations was 25 µg/m3, with mean maximum occurring in the cold season. A positive association between PM2.5 and bioaerosols levels were observed, while the correlation between PM2.5 and meteorological parameters was not significant (P < 0.05). Air temperature significantly impacted both the airborne bacterial and fungal concentration (P < 0.05). Also, there was a strong correlation between the bacteria level and wind speed (P < 0.05).

中文翻译：

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伊朗大型工业化城市环境生物气溶胶时空变化及其与 PM2.5 和气象因素的关系

空气中细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 中生物气溶胶的存在因其对人类的致病作用而引起了公众的关注。本研究的目的是调查伊斯法罕空气中细菌和真菌的水平及其与 PM2.5 和气象参数的关系。使用连接到含有缓冲溶液的玻璃撞击器的 SKC 泵从伊斯法罕市的七个不同位置收集空气样本，并通过细胞培养方法进行分析。气象变量取自省气象厅，大气PM2.5数据取自环境厅。最高和最低的细菌水平分别出现在第 7 站 (114.4 (40–254.2) CFU/m3) 和第 3 站 (39.6 (12–67.5) CFU/m3)。尽管，最高和最低的真菌水平分别出现在站 5 (61.1 (22.5-117)) 和站 4 (26.9 (0-50)) CFU/m3。最主要的细菌是革兰氏阳性杆菌，而真菌的主要细菌是黑色素和酵母菌。微生物水平在不同月份之间有所不同，细菌的平均浓度为 76 CFU/m3，真菌的平均浓度为 46 CFU/m3。空气中 PM2.5 浓度的平均值为 25 µg/m3，平均最大值出现在寒冷季节。观察到 PM2.5 与生物气溶胶水平呈正相关，而 PM2.5 与气象参数之间的相关性不显着（P < 0.05）。气温显着影响空气传播的细菌和真菌浓度（P < 0.05）。还，