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Mutational profiling of micro-dissected pre-malignant lesions from archived specimens
BMC Medical Genomics ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00820-y
Daniela Nachmanson 1 , Joseph Steward 2 , Huazhen Yao 3 , Adam Officer 1, 4 , Eliza Jeong 2 , Thomas J O'Keefe 5 , Farnaz Hasteh 6 , Kristen Jepsen 3 , Gillian L Hirst 7 , Laura J Esserman 7 , Alexander D Borowsky 8 , Olivier Harismendy 2, 4
Affiliation  

Systematic cancer screening has led to the increased detection of pre-malignant lesions (PMLs). The absence of reliable prognostic markers has led mostly to over treatment resulting in potentially unnecessary stress, or insufficient treatment and avoidable progression. Importantly, most mutational profiling studies have relied on PML synchronous to invasive cancer, or performed in patients without outcome information, hence limiting their utility for biomarker discovery. The limitations in comprehensive mutational profiling of PMLs are in large part due to the significant technical and methodological challenges: most PML specimens are small, fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded (FFPE) and lack matching normal DNA. Using test DNA from a highly degraded FFPE specimen, multiple targeted sequencing approaches were evaluated, varying DNA input amount (3–200 ng), library preparation strategy (BE: Blunt-End, SS: Single-Strand, AT: A-Tailing) and target size (whole exome vs. cancer gene panel). Variants in high-input DNA from FFPE and mirrored frozen specimens were used for PML-specific variant calling training and testing, respectively. The resulting approach was applied to profile and compare multiple regions micro-dissected (mean area 5 mm2) from 3 breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Using low-input FFPE DNA, BE and SS libraries resulted in 4.9 and 3.7 increase over AT libraries in the fraction of whole exome covered at 20x (BE:87%, SS:63%, AT:17%). Compared to high-confidence somatic mutations from frozen specimens, PML-specific variant filtering increased recall (BE:85%, SS:80%, AT:75%) and precision (BE:93%, SS:91%, AT:84%) to levels expected from sampling variation. Copy number alterations were consistent across all tested approaches and only impacted by the design of the capture probe-set. Applied to DNA extracted from 9 micro-dissected regions (8 PML, 1 normal epithelium), the approach achieved comparable performance, illustrated the data adequacy to identify candidate driver events (GATA3 mutations, ERBB2 or FGFR1 gains, TP53 loss) and measure intra-lesion genetic heterogeneity. Alternate experimental and analytical strategies increased the accuracy of DNA sequencing from archived micro-dissected PML regions, supporting the deeper molecular characterization of early cancer lesions and achieving a critical milestone in the development of biology-informed prognostic markers and precision chemo-prevention strategies.

中文翻译:

来自存档标本的微解剖癌前病变的突变分析

系统性癌症筛查导致癌前病变 (PML) 的检测增加。缺乏可靠的预后标志物主要导致过度治疗,从而导致潜在的不必要的压力,或治疗不足和可避免的进展。重要的是,大多数突变分析研究依赖于与侵袭性癌症同步的 PML,或者在没有结果信息的患者中进行,因此限制了它们在生物标志物发现中的效用。PML 全面突变分析的局限性在很大程度上是由于重大的技术和方法挑战:大多数 PML 样本很小,固定在福尔马林和石蜡包埋 (FFPE) 中,并且缺乏匹配的正常 DNA。使用来自高度降解的 FFPE 样本的测试 DNA,评估了多种靶向测序方法,不同的 DNA 输入量 (3–200 ng)、文库制备策略 (BE: Blunt-End, SS: Single-Strand, AT: A-Tailing) 和目标大小(整个外显子组与癌症基因组)。来自 FFPE 和镜像冷冻样本的高输入 DNA 的变体分别用于 PML 特定的变体调用训练和测试。所得到的方法用于分析和比较来自 3 个乳腺导管原位癌 (DCIS) 的多个微解剖区域(平均面积 5 mm2)。使用低输入 FFPE DNA、BE 和 SS 文库在 20 倍覆盖的整个外显子组中比 AT 文库增加了 4.9 和 3.7(BE:87%、SS:63%、AT:17%)。与来自冷冻标本的高置信度体细胞突变相比,PML 特异性变异过滤提高了召回率(BE:85%,SS:80%,AT:75%)和精确度(BE:93%,SS:91%,AT:84%) 达到抽样变异的预期水平。拷贝数改变在所有测试方法中都是一致的,并且仅受捕获探针组设计的影响。应用于从 9 个微解剖区域(8 个 PML,1 个正常上皮)提取的 DNA,该方法实现了相当的性能,说明了识别候选驱动事件(GATA3 突变、ERBB2 或 FGFR1 增益、TP53 丢失)和测量内病变遗传异质性。替代实验和分析策略提高了存档的微解剖 PML 区域 DNA 测序的准确性,支持对早期癌症病变进行更深入的分子表征,并在开发生物学信息预后标志物和精确化学预防策略方面取得了重要的里程碑。拷贝数改变在所有测试方法中都是一致的,并且仅受捕获探针组设计的影响。应用于从 9 个微解剖区域(8 个 PML,1 个正常上皮)提取的 DNA,该方法实现了相当的性能,说明了识别候选驱动事件(GATA3 突变、ERBB2 或 FGFR1 增益、TP53 丢失)和测量内病变遗传异质性。替代实验和分析策略提高了存档的微解剖 PML 区域 DNA 测序的准确性,支持对早期癌症病变进行更深入的分子表征,并在开发生物学信息预后标志物和精确化学预防策略方面取得了重要的里程碑。拷贝数改变在所有测试方法中都是一致的,并且仅受捕获探针组设计的影响。应用于从 9 个微解剖区域(8 个 PML,1 个正常上皮)提取的 DNA,该方法实现了相当的性能,说明了识别候选驱动事件(GATA3 突变、ERBB2 或 FGFR1 增益、TP53 丢失)和测量内病变遗传异质性。替代实验和分析策略提高了存档的微解剖 PML 区域 DNA 测序的准确性,支持对早期癌症病变进行更深入的分子表征,并在开发生物学信息预后标志物和精确化学预防策略方面取得了重要的里程碑。应用于从 9 个微解剖区域(8 个 PML,1 个正常上皮)提取的 DNA,该方法实现了相当的性能,说明了识别候选驱动事件(GATA3 突变、ERBB2 或 FGFR1 增益、TP53 丢失)和测量内病变遗传异质性。替代实验和分析策略提高了存档的微解剖 PML 区域 DNA 测序的准确性,支持对早期癌症病变进行更深入的分子表征,并在开发生物学信息预后标志物和精确化学预防策略方面取得了重要的里程碑。应用于从 9 个微解剖区域(8 个 PML,1 个正常上皮)提取的 DNA,该方法实现了相当的性能,说明了识别候选驱动事件(GATA3 突变、ERBB2 或 FGFR1 增益、TP53 丢失)和测量内病变遗传异质性。替代实验和分析策略提高了存档的微解剖 PML 区域 DNA 测序的准确性,支持对早期癌症病变进行更深入的分子表征,并在开发生物学信息预后标志物和精确化学预防策略方面取得了重要的里程碑。ERBB2 或 FGFR1 增益,TP53 丢失)并测量病灶内遗传异质性。替代实验和分析策略提高了存档的微解剖 PML 区域 DNA 测序的准确性,支持对早期癌症病变进行更深入的分子表征,并在开发生物学信息预后标志物和精确化学预防策略方面取得了重要的里程碑。ERBB2 或 FGFR1 增益,TP53 丢失)并测量病灶内遗传异质性。替代实验和分析策略提高了存档的微解剖 PML 区域 DNA 测序的准确性,支持对早期癌症病变进行更深入的分子表征,并在开发生物学信息预后标志物和精确化学预防策略方面取得了重要的里程碑。
更新日期:2020-11-18
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