Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) refers to the condition of neurocognitive decline following surgery in a cognitive and sensory manner. There are several risk factors, which may be life-threatening for this condition. Neuropsychological assessment of this condition is very important. In the present review, we discuss the association of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) and few miRNAs with POCD, and highlight the clinical importance for prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of POCD. Microarray is a genome analysis that can be used to determine DNA abnormalities. This current technique is rapid, efficient and high-throughout. Microarray techniques are widely used to diagnose diseases, particularly in genetic disorder, chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, infectious diseases and disease-relevant biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are widely found distributed in eukaryotes. Few miRNAs influence the nervous system development, and nerve damage repair. Microarray approach can be utilized to understand the miRNAs involved and their pathways in POCD development, unleashing their potential to be considered as a diagnostic marker for POCD. This paper summarizes and identifies the studies that use microarray based approaches for POCD analysis. Since the application of microarray in POCD is expanding, there is a need to review the current knowledge of this approach.

术后认知功能障碍（POCD）是指以认知和感觉方式进行手术后神经认知功能下降的状况。有几种风险因素，可能会危及生命。这种情况的神经心理学评估非常重要。在本综述中，我们讨论了载脂蛋白ε4（APOEε4）和少量miRNA与POCD的关联，并强调了POCD的预后，诊断和治疗的临床重要性。微阵列是一种基因组分析，可用于确定DNA异常。该当前技术是快速，高效和高通量的。芯片技术被广泛用于诊断疾病，尤其是遗传疾病，染色体异常，突变，传染病和与疾病相关的生物标记物。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类非编码RNA，广泛分布于真核生物中。很少有miRNA影响神经系统发育和神经损伤修复。可以利用微阵列方法来了解所涉及的miRNA及其在POCD发育中的途径，释放其被视为POCD诊断标志物的潜力。本文总结并确定了使用基于微阵列的方法进行POCD分析的研究。由于微阵列在POCD中的应用正在扩展，因此有必要回顾这种方法的最新知识。发挥其潜力，被认为是POCD的诊断标记。本文总结并确定了使用基于微阵列的方法进行POCD分析的研究。由于微阵列在POCD中的应用正在扩展，因此有必要回顾这种方法的最新知识。发挥其潜力，被认为是POCD的诊断标记。本文总结并确定了使用基于微阵列的方法进行POCD分析的研究。由于微阵列在POCD中的应用正在扩展，因此有必要回顾这种方法的最新知识。