Wheel-rail contact in railway engineering is an important topic. Due to different materials and surface roughness of wheel and rail, the contact characteristics can alter significantly. This article aims to investigate the effects of surface roughness and asperities on the contact parameters such as contact area, contact force, and contact stiffness. The lateral contacts between asperities are assumed to be the general contact condition. Azimuthal and contact angles distributions are assumed to be spherical harmonic distribution. This assumption is compatible with the asperity distribution on the wheel and the rail surfaces. Besides, a new combined model is developed to cover the stick-slip and the plasticity effects in contacting asperities. The results of the presented model offer very good estimations for the asperities contact characteristics, especially at the small-contact area and separation where high-contact pressure and plastic deformation usually exist.

中文翻译：

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考虑接触粗糙的可塑性影响的新组合模型

轮轨接触是铁路工程中的重要课题。由于车轮和轨道的材料和表面粗糙度不同，接触特性可能会发生显着变化。本文旨在研究表面粗糙度和粗糙度对接触参数（如接触面积，接触力和接触刚度）的影响。粗糙之间的横向接触被认为是一般的接触条件。方位角和接触角分布假定为球谐分布。该假设与车轮和轨道表面上的凹凸分布兼容。此外，还开发了一种新的组合模型，以涵盖粘滑和接触粗糙面时的可塑性影响。所提出模型的结果为粗糙接触特性提供了很好的估计，