The grip force of tires is crucial for vehicle security and drivability under different driving conditions. A small contact area and stress concentration in the contact patch of two-wheeled motorcycle (TWM) tires result in a reduction in grip performance and wear resistance. Even worse, improving the grip and wear resistance together is difficult to achieve. The purpose of the current study is to analyze the dynamic grounding characteristics and geometry of a cat paw pad and then apply its structure to the TWM tire to improve the contact area and wear resistance under different operating conditions. A nonlinear finite element tire model that could accurately reconstruct the tire structure and realistically reflect the mechanical response to different loads was employed. Then, the accuracy of the tire model was validated by a static test with a control tire. For cats, the dynamic grounding characteristics and topology of paw pads were determined using a pressure-sensitive walkway and a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner. The results indicated that the cat forepaw third pad (CFTP) exhibited excellent grip capacity. According to similarity transformation, a bionic tire crown was designed according to the lateral fitting curve of the CFTP. Comparative results showed the enlargement of the contact area and decreases in peak pressure and frictional energy rate for the bionic tire under different conditions. With these improvements, the grip performance was improved, and the service life was extended synchronously. These research results can be applied for the design of TWM tires, especially cross-country motorcycle tires.

中文翻译：

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受猫爪垫启发的两轮摩托车轮胎胎冠轮廓设计

轮胎的抓地力对于不同驾驶条件下的车辆安全性和驾驶性能至关重要。两轮摩托车（TWM）轮胎的接触面中的接触面积小且应力集中，导致抓地性能和耐磨性下降。更糟糕的是，很难同时提高抓地力和耐磨性。当前研究的目的是分析猫爪垫的动态接地特性和几何形状，然后将其结构应用于TWM轮胎，以改善不同操作条件下的接触面积和耐磨性。使用了非线性有限元轮胎模型，该模型可以准确地重建轮胎结构并真实反映不同载荷下的机械响应。然后，轮胎模型的准确性通过对照轮胎的静态测试得到验证。对于猫，使用压敏走道和三维（3D）激光扫描仪确定爪垫的动态接地特性和拓扑。结果表明，猫前爪第三垫（CFTP）表现出出色的抓地力。根据相似性变换，根据CFTP的横向拟合曲线设计了仿生轮胎胎冠。比较结果表明，在不同条件下，仿生轮胎的接触面积增大，峰值压力和摩擦能级降低。通过这些改进，抓地力性能得到了改善，并且使用寿命得到了同步延长。这些研究结果可用于TWM轮胎的设计，尤其是越野摩托车轮胎。