Agamid lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) are karyotypically heterogeneous. Among the 101 species currently described from Australia, all are from the subfamily Amphibolurinae. This group is, with some exceptions, karyotypically conserved, and all species involving heterogametic sex show female heterogamety. Here, we describe the chromosomes of 2 additional Australian agamid lizards, Tympanocryptis lineata and Rankinia diemensis. These species are phylogenetically and cytogenetically sisters to the well-characterised Pogona vitticeps, but their sex chromosomes and other chromosomal characteristics are unknown. In this study, we applied advanced molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and cross-species gene mapping, to characterise chromosomes and to identify sex chromosomes in these species. Our data suggest that both species have a conserved karyotype with P. vitticeps but with subtle rearrangements in the chromosomal landscapes. We could identify that T. lineata possesses a female heterogametic system (ZZ/ZW) with a pair of sex microchromosomes, while R. diemensis may have heterogametic sex chromosomes, but this requires further investigations. Our study shows the pattern of chromosomal rearrangements between closely related species, explaining the speciation within Australian agamid lizards of similar karyotypes.

中文翻译：

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两种澳大利亚龙蜥的核型特征（有鳞蜥蜴：Agamidae：Amphibolurinae）揭示了具有相似核型的相关物种之间微妙的染色体重排

Agamid 蜥蜴（有鳞蜥蜴：Agamidae）在核型上是异质的。在澳大利亚目前描述的 101 种物种中，所有物种都来自 Amphibolurinae 亚科。除了一些例外，这个群体在核型上是保守的，所有涉及异配性的物种都表现出雌性异配性。在这里，我们描述了另外 2 只澳大利亚蜥蜴、Tympanocryptis lineata 和 Rankinia diemensis 的染色体。这些物种在系统发育和细胞遗传上与特征明确的 Pogona vitticeps 是姐妹，但它们的性染色体和其他染色体特征是未知的。在这项研究中，我们应用了先进的分子细胞遗传学技术，如荧光原位杂交 (FISH) 和跨物种基因图谱，来表征染色体并识别这些物种的性染色体。我们的数据表明，这两个物种都具有与 P. vitticeps 的保守核型，但在染色体景观中具有微妙的重排。我们可以确定 T. lineata 具有带有一对性微染色体的雌性异配系统 (ZZ/ZW)，而 R. diemensis 可能具有异配性染色体，但这需要进一步研究。我们的研究显示了密切相关物种之间染色体重排的模式，解释了具有相似核型的澳大利亚巨蜥的物种形成。但这需要进一步调查。我们的研究显示了密切相关物种之间染色体重排的模式，解释了具有相似核型的澳大利亚巨蜥的物种形成。但这需要进一步调查。我们的研究显示了密切相关物种之间染色体重排的模式，解释了具有相似核型的澳大利亚巨蜥的物种形成。