Nonischemic-dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is an entity that gathers extremely heterogeneous diseases. This awareness, although leading to continuous improvement in survival, has increased the complexity of NIDCM patients’ management. Even though the endorsed ‘red-flags’ approach helps clinicians in pursuing an accurate etiological definition in clinical practice, it is not clear when and how peripheral centers should interact with referral centers with specific expertise in challenging scenarios (e.g. postmyocarditis and genetically determined dilated cardiomyopathy) and with easier access to second-line diagnostic tools and therapies. This position paper will summarize each step in NIDCM management, highlighting the multiple interactions between peripheral and referral centers, from first-line diagnostic workup and therapy to advanced heart failure management and long-term follow-up.

非缺血性扩张型心肌病（NIDCM）是聚集多种疾病的实体。这种认识尽管可以不断提高生存率，但却增加了NIDCM患者管理的复杂性。尽管认可的“红旗”方法可以帮助临床医生在临床实践中寻求准确的病因学定义，但尚不清楚何时以及如何在具有挑战性的情况下（例如心肌炎后和遗传学上确定的扩张型心肌病）与具有特定专业知识的转诊中心进行互动），并且可以更轻松地使用二线诊断工具和疗法。本立场文件将总结NIDCM管理中的每个步骤，重点介绍外围和推荐中心之间的多种互动，