Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis genetically dissects complex traits, discerns their genetic control and genotype-by-environment interactions, and ultimately helps marker development for assisted breeding selection. A mapping population of 124 F_5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of ‘TAM 112’ × ‘TAM 111’ was grown under seven diverse environments and evaluated for end-use quality traits including kernel, flour, and dough-mixing characteristics. The objective of this study was to detect QTL associated with end-use quality traits in these two cultivars. Through 5,948 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 39 QTL regions were consistently identified in two or more environments or QTL analyses. Thirteen QTL regions associated to two or more traits were also identified. Among them, 11 QTL regions were in common on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2D, and 4D associated to kernel hardness (HARD), kernel diameter (DIAM), single kernel weight (SKW), flour yield (FYLD), midline peak time (MLPT) with logarithm of odds (LOD) up to 42.0, and explained up to 49.3% of the phenotypic variation. Notably, Glu-D1 loci at 414.3 Mb on chromosome 1D strongly influenced dough rheology and explained up to 54.6% of the trait variation for MLPT, with the favorable allele derived from TAM 112. Novel QTL for HARD, FYLD, and ASH were also identified on the chromosome 1A and 2A, 6B, and 7D, respectively. This study confirmed previously identified loci at major genes, some newly identified QTL on chromosomes, and the favorable alleles carried forward for improved end-use quality.

中文翻译：

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两种广泛适应的小麦品种“TAM 111”和“TAM 112”的最终用途品质性状的遗传剖析

定量性状基因座 (QTL) 分析从遗传上剖析复杂性状，辨别其遗传控制和基因型与环境的相互作用，并最终帮助辅助育种选择的标记开发。124 F _{5:7 的}映射种群源自“TAM 112”דTAM 111”杂交的重组自交系（RIL）在七种不同的环境中生长，并评估最终用途的质量特性，包括籽粒、面粉和面团混合特性。本研究的目的是检测与这两个品种的最终用途品质性状相关的 QTL。通过 5,948 个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)，在两个或多个环境或 QTL 分析中一致鉴定了 39 个 QTL 区域。还鉴定了与两个或更多性状相关的 13 个 QTL 区域。其中，1A、1B、1D、2D、4D染色体上共有11个QTL区域，与籽粒硬度（HARD）、籽粒直径（DIAM）、单粒重（SKW）、出粉率（FYLD）、中线峰值相关时间（MLPT），赔率对数（LOD）高达42.0，解释高达49。3% 的表型变异。尤其，1D 染色体上 414.3 Mb 的Glu-D1基因座强烈影响面团流变学并解释了 MLPT 高达 54.6% 的性状变异，其中有利的等位基因来自 TAM 112。HARD、FYLD 和 ASH 的新 QTL 在分别为 1A 和 2A、6B 和 7D 染色体。这项研究证实了先前在主要基因上鉴定的位点、染色体上一些新鉴定的 QTL，以及有利的等位基因，以提高最终使用质量。