In this article we provide an overview of existing approaches for relating latent class membership to external variables of interest. We extend on the work of Nylund‐Gibson et al. (Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2019, 26, 967), who summarize models with distal outcomes by providing an overview of most recommended modeling options for models with covariates and larger models with multiple latent variables as well. We exemplify the modeling approaches using data from the General Social Survey for a model with a distal outcome where underlying model assumptions are violated, and a model with multiple latent variables. We discuss software availability and provide example syntax for the real data examples in Latent GOLD.

中文翻译：

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将潜在类成员关系与外部变量相关联：概述

在本文中，我们概述了将潜在类成员关系与感兴趣的外部变量相关联的现有方法。我们扩展了 Nylund-Gibson 等人的工作。（结构方程建模：多学科期刊，2019, 26, 967），他通过为具有协变量的模型和具有多个潜在变量的更大模型提供最推荐的建模选项的概述，总结了具有远端结果的模型。我们使用来自一般社会调查的数据举例说明建模方法，该模型具有违反基本模型假设的远端结果，以及具有多个潜在变量的模型。我们讨论软件可用性并为潜在黄金中的真实数据示例提供示例语法。