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Effects of External Stimulators on Engineered Skeletal Muscle Tissue Maturation
Advanced Materials Interfaces ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 , DOI: 10.1002/admi.202001167 Claudia Mueller 1 , Mairon Trujillo‐Miranda 1 , Michael Maier 2 , Daniel E. Heath 2 , Andrea J. O'Connor 2 , Sahar Salehi 1
Advanced Materials Interfaces ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 , DOI: 10.1002/admi.202001167 Claudia Mueller 1 , Mairon Trujillo‐Miranda 1 , Michael Maier 2 , Daniel E. Heath 2 , Andrea J. O'Connor 2 , Sahar Salehi 1
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Engineering functional skeletal muscle tissue is an ongoing challenge because of the complexity of the in vivo microenvironment and the various factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of the native tissue. However, the growing understanding of the natural skeletal muscle's microenvironment in vivo, as well as the ability to successfully reproduce these factors in vitro, are contributing to the formation of engineered skeletal muscle tissues (SMTs) with greater biomimetic structure and function. This review first summarizes the structure of skeletal muscle tissue. The role of various hydrogels, biomaterials, and scaffolds as building blocks of complex skeletal muscle structures is then explored. Additionally, the role of external stimuli and regulators that can be applied during in vitro culture that lead to the formation of SMT models with higher functionality is examined. These include various physical, biochemical, electrical, mechanical, and magnetic stimulations, as well as biological stimulation through coculture with fibroblasts, endothelial, or neuronal cells. Finally, examples of recently developed functional tissue models that have been developed for in vitro and in vivo applications and the future outlook for this field are discussed.
中文翻译：
外部刺激物对工程性骨骼肌组织成熟的影响
由于体内微环境的复杂性以及有助于天然组织发育和维持的各种因素，对功能性骨骼肌组织进行工程设计是一项持续的挑战。然而，对体内天然骨骼肌微环境的日益了解，以及在体外成功复制这些因子的能力，有助于形成具有更强仿生结构和功能的工程化骨骼肌组织（SMT）。这篇综述首先总结了骨骼肌组织的结构。然后探讨了各种水凝胶，生物材料和支架作为复杂骨骼肌结构的基础的作用。另外，研究了可在体外培养过程中应用的外部刺激和调节剂的作用，这些作用导致形成具有更高功能的SMT模型。这些包括各种物理，生化，电，机械和磁刺激，以及通过与成纤维细胞，内皮细胞或神经元细胞共培养的生物刺激。最后，讨论了已开发用于体外和体内应用的最近开发的功能组织模型的示例，以及该领域的未来前景。
更新日期：2021-01-12
中文翻译：
外部刺激物对工程性骨骼肌组织成熟的影响
由于体内微环境的复杂性以及有助于天然组织发育和维持的各种因素，对功能性骨骼肌组织进行工程设计是一项持续的挑战。然而，对体内天然骨骼肌微环境的日益了解，以及在体外成功复制这些因子的能力，有助于形成具有更强仿生结构和功能的工程化骨骼肌组织（SMT）。这篇综述首先总结了骨骼肌组织的结构。然后探讨了各种水凝胶，生物材料和支架作为复杂骨骼肌结构的基础的作用。另外，研究了可在体外培养过程中应用的外部刺激和调节剂的作用，这些作用导致形成具有更高功能的SMT模型。这些包括各种物理，生化，电，机械和磁刺激，以及通过与成纤维细胞，内皮细胞或神经元细胞共培养的生物刺激。最后，讨论了已开发用于体外和体内应用的最近开发的功能组织模型的示例，以及该领域的未来前景。
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