Dioecious alpine juniper has been influenced by human impacts, management and climate changes; hence, its present populations are remnant fragments of its former distribution in central Europe. Complex environmental shifts have had fatal consequences for growth, reproduction and health of juniper and hence for its population structure. We asked the questions: 1) what was the population size structure, the sex ratio and the health status of individuals? 2) How were the population parameters linked with the environmental conditions and surrounding vegetation? The study area was close and above the upper forest limit in central Europe, the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. The parameters of each juniper individual and its environmental conditions were obtained, Ellenberg's indicator values and habitat categories were also determined. Proportions of sex categories, shrub size and environmental conditions were investigated to assess relationships between the population categories and environmental factors. We revealed linkage among the shrub size, health vigor, vegetation cover, a habitat and environmental factors. While there was equal ratio of females and males (1:1), small individuals of undetermined sex predominated that reducing the effective population size. Juniper health vigor was associated with surrounding vegetation cover. Individuals of undetermined sex were smaller than those of remaining sex categories and prefer specific habitats at higher elevation, underlining the effect of abiotic conditions on sex performance and ratio. The observed pattern, which was attributed to shift in land‐use practices in the middle of 20th century and climate changes, could be improved by management. We recommended experimental local grazing and mowing accompanying by profound and continuing assessment of interaction among environmental factors and juniper performance.

中文翻译：

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ipe亚种活力和部位偏爱的性别差异。娜娜

雌雄异体的杜松已受到人类影响，管理和气候变化的影响；因此，其目前的人口是其以前在中欧分布的残余碎片。复杂的环境变化已对杜松的生长，繁殖和健康以及其人口结构产生了致命的后果。我们问了以下问题：1）人口规模结构，性别比和个人的健康状况如何？2）人口参数如何与环境条件和周围植被联系在一起？研究区域靠近中欧的HrubýJeseník山，高于森林上限。获得了每个杜松个体的参数及其环境条件，还确定了Ellenberg的指标值和栖息地类别。调查了性别类别，灌木大小和环境条件的比例，以评估人口类别与环境因素之间的关系。我们揭示了灌木大小，健康活力，植被覆盖，栖息地和环境因素之间的联系。尽管男女比例相等（1：1），但性别不确定的小个体占主导地位，这减小了有效人口规模。瞻博网络的健康活力与周围的植被覆盖有关。未确定性别的个体比其余性别类别的个体要小，他们更喜欢海拔较高的特定栖息地，这突显了非生物条件对性别表现和性别比的影响。观察到的模式，归因于20世纪中叶土地使用方式的变化和气候变化，可以通过管理来改善。我们建议进行实验性的局部放牧和割草，同时对环境因素与杜松性能之间的相互作用进行深刻而持续的评估。