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Sampling to learn words: Adults and children sample words that reduce referential ambiguity
Developmental Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 , DOI: 10.1111/desc.13064
Martin Zettersten 1 , Jenny R Saffran 1
Affiliation  

How do learners gather new information during word learning? One possibility is that learners selectively sample items that help them reduce uncertainty about new word meanings. In a series of cross‐situational word learning tasks with adults and children, we manipulated the referential ambiguity of label‐object pairs experienced during training and subsequently investigated which words participants chose to sample additional information about. In the first experiment, adult learners chose to receive additional training on object‐label associations that reduce referential ambiguity during cross‐situational word learning. This ambiguity‐reduction strategy was related to improved test performance. In two subsequent experiments, we found that, at least in some contexts, children (3–8 years of age) show a similar preference to seek information about words experienced in ambiguous word learning situations. In Experiment 2, children did not preferentially select object‐label associations that remained ambiguous during cross‐situational word learning. However, in a third experiment that increased the relative ambiguity of two sets of novel object‐label associations, we found evidence that children preferentially make selections that reduce ambiguity about novel word meanings. These results carry implications for understanding how children actively contribute to their own language development by seeking information that supports learning.

中文翻译:

采样学习单词:成人和儿童采样单词以减少指称歧义

学习者如何在单词学习过程中收集新信息?一种可能性是学习者有选择地对项目进行抽样,以帮助他们减少对新词含义的不确定性。在一系列针对成人和儿童的跨情境单词学习任务中,我们操纵了训练期间遇到的标签-对象对的指称歧义,随后调查了参与者选择对哪些单词进行额外信息采样。在第一个实验中,成人学习者选择接受关于对象-标签关联的额外培训,以减少跨情境单词学习过程中的指称歧义。这种减少歧义的策略与提高测试性能有关。在随后的两个实验中,我们发现,至少在某些情况下,儿童(3-8 岁)表现出类似的偏好,以寻求有关在模棱两可的单词学习情况下经历过的单词的信息。在实验 2 中,儿童不会优先选择在跨情境单词学习过程中仍然不明确的对象-标签关联。然而,在第三个实验中,增加了两组新的对象-标签关联的相对模糊性,我们发现有证据表明儿童优先选择减少新词含义的模糊性。这些结果对理解儿童如何通过寻求支持学习的信息积极促进自己的语言发展具有重要意义。儿童不会优先选择在跨情境单词学习过程中仍然不明确的对象标签关联。然而,在第三个实验中,增加了两组新的对象-标签关联的相对模糊性,我们发现有证据表明儿童优先选择减少新词含义的模糊性。这些结果对理解儿童如何通过寻求支持学习的信息积极促进自己的语言发展具有重要意义。儿童不会优先选择在跨情境单词学习过程中仍然不明确的对象标签关联。然而,在第三个实验中,增加了两组新的对象-标签关联的相对模糊性,我们发现有证据表明儿童优先选择减少新词含义的模糊性。这些结果对理解儿童如何通过寻求支持学习的信息积极促进自己的语言发展具有重要意义。
更新日期:2020-11-18
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