The carcinogenic effects of microorganisms have been discovered in multiple cancer types. In urology, the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder due to the parasitic infection with Schistosoma Mansoni is widely accepted. The oncogenic potential of biofilms has been studied in colorectal cancer and experimental studies have shown that bacteria such as Escherichia coli drive the development of colorectal cancer. Notably, Escherichia coli is responsible for 80% of all urinary tract infections. Recent findings suggest an altered urinary microbiome in patients with bladder cancer compared to healthy subjects. In this case series, we demonstrate our findings of biofilm formation in human bladder cancer tissue. Tissue samples from ten patients that underwent routine Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) were obtained from the Danish National Biobank. Pathological tissue was examined for presence of bacterial aggregates by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization. In two of ten patients, analysis showed abundant bacterial aggregation on the surface epithelium. Both positive cases had pT2 urothelial bladder cancer. Our findings suggest that biofilm occurs in urothelial cancer tissue indicating an association between biofilm formation and bladder cancer.

中文翻译：

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肌肉浸润性膀胱癌患者细菌生物膜的发现

已经在多种癌症类型中发现了微生物的致癌作用。在泌尿外科中，由于曼氏血吸虫的寄生虫感染引起的膀胱鳞状细胞癌的发展已被广泛接受。已经研究了生物膜在结肠直肠癌中的致癌潜力，并且实验研究表明诸如大肠杆菌的细菌驱动了结肠直肠癌的发展。值得注意的是，大肠杆菌造成所有尿路感染的80％。最近的发现表明，与健康受试者相比，膀胱癌患者的尿微生物组发生了变化。在这个案例系列中，我们证明了在人类膀胱癌组织中生物膜形成的发现。从丹麦国家生物库获得了10例行常规膀胱尿道肿瘤切除术（TURBT）的患者的组织样本。通过荧光原位杂交检查病理组织中细菌聚集体的存在。在十名患者中的两名患者中，分析显示表面上皮细胞上有大量细菌聚集。两个阳性病例均患有pT2尿路上皮膀胱癌。我们的发现表明，生物膜发生在尿路上皮癌组织中，表明生物膜形成与膀胱癌之间存在关联。