Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by the progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons and most commonly occur in the elderly population. Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinflammation caused by excessive microglial activation is closely related to the onset and progression of many NDs. Therefore, inhibiting excessive microglial activation is a potential drug target for controlling neuroinflammation. In recent years, natural products as modulators of microglial polarization have attracted considerable attention in the field of NDs therapy. Furthermore, resveratrol (RES) has been found to have a protective effect in NDs through the inhibition of microglial activation and the regulation of neuroinflammation. In this review, we mainly summarize the therapeutic potential of RES and its various molecular mechanisms in the treatment of NDs through the modulation of microglial activation.

神经退行性疾病 (ND)，包括阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和帕金森病 (PD)，其特征是神经元的结构和功能逐渐丧失，最常见于老年人群。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的常驻巨噬细胞。小胶质细胞过度激活引起的神经炎症与许多 ND 的发生和进展密切相关。因此，抑制小胶质细胞过度活化是控制神经炎症的潜在药物靶点。近年来，作为小胶质细胞极化调节剂的天然产物在 NDs 治疗领域引起了相当大的关注。此外，已发现白藜芦醇 (RES) 通过抑制小胶质细胞激活和调节神经炎症对 ND 具有保护作用。在这篇综述中，我们主要总结了 RES 的治疗潜力及其通过调节小胶质细胞激活治疗 NDs 的各种分子机制。