RNA methylations, as the prevalent post-transcriptional modifications, are critical in regulating various biological processes, such as RNA transcription, splicing, structure, stability, and translation. Its dysregulation is closely related to the occurrence of human malignancies. The advance of high-throughput sequencing technology facilitates the investigations about how methylation of coding and non-coding RNAs regulates cancer progression through reshaping the transcriptomics. Here, we review the current progress about the regulatory role of several representative RNA modifications in cancers, including N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A), 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C), N¹-methyladenosine (m¹A) and 2′-O-methylation (Nm). Meanwhile, we also discuss the potential clinical value of RNA methylation in diagnostic and therapeutic implications of human cancers.

RNA 甲基化作为普遍的转录后修饰，在调节各种生物过程中至关重要，例如 RNA 转录、剪接、结构、稳定性和翻译。其失调与人类恶性肿瘤的发生密切相关。高通量测序技术的进步促进了关于编码和非编码RNA的甲基化如何通过重塑转录组来调节癌症进展的研究。在这里，我们回顾了几种代表性RNA修饰在癌症中的调节作用的最新进展，包括N ⁶ -甲基腺苷（m ⁶ A）、5-甲基胞嘧啶（m ⁵ C）、N ¹ -甲基腺苷（m ¹A) 和 2'-O-甲基化 (Nm)。同时，我们还讨论了 RNA 甲基化在人类癌症诊断和治疗意义中的潜在临床价值。