IRE1 is a key factor in the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in plants. IRE1 is a single-pass transmembrane protein that has a lumenal domain (LD) and cytoplasmic domain (CD), which perform quite different tasks on different sides of the ER membrane. The LD recognizes the presence of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. The LDs of IRE1 in different plant species are predicted to fold into β-propeller structures with surfaces for protein-protein interactions. Likewise, the CDs of plant IRE1s have predicted structural interfaces that promote the face-to-face arrangements of IRE1 for transphosphorylation and back-to-back arrangements for RNA splicing. Hence, the structures on the different faces of plant IRE1s have unique features for recognizing problems of protein folding in the ER and transducing that signal to activate the UPR.

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评论：IRE1 的两个方面及其在保护植物免受胁迫方面的作用

IRE1 是植物中未折叠蛋白质反应 (UPR) 的关键因素。IRE1 是一种单程跨膜蛋白，具有腔域 (LD) 和胞质域 (CD)，它们在 ER 膜的不同侧执行完全不同的任务。LD 识别 ER 腔中错误折叠蛋白质的存在。预计不同植物物种中 IRE1 的 LD 会折叠成 β-螺旋桨结构，并具有蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的表面。同样，植物 IRE1 的 CD 预测了结构界面，促进了 IRE1 的面对面排列进行转磷酸化和背靠背排列进行 RNA 剪接。因此，植物 IRE1 不同面上的结构具有识别内质网中蛋白质折叠问题并转导该信号以激活 UPR 的独特特征。