Abstract We report on EU Member States' assessment of the collective pressure through cumulative impact assessments (CIA) in their implementation of the EU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD). While the MSPD is ambiguous on how to approach the assessment of collective pressures, the present study is based on a preunderstanding that CIAs are required in marine spatial planning (MSP) for two reasons. Firstly, to address all relevant human activities and their pressures in order to comply with the concept of an ‘ecosystem-based approach’ and to ensure a good environmental status. Secondly, indirectly, to ensure that land-sea interactions are taken into account. Our results show few and inadequate examples of CIA in national MSP processes. Most MSP processes address collective pressure through CIA as part of a strategic environmental impact assessment. In conclusion, while the MSPD requires MSP to ensure collective pressure is kept below a level compatible with good environmental status, as part of an ecosystem-based approach, the study found few examples of ecosystem-based MSP.

中文翻译：

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评估海洋空间规划中的集体压力：欧盟成员国当前的做法

摘要 我们报告了欧盟成员国在执行欧盟海洋空间规划指令 (MSPD) 过程中通过累积影响评估 (CIA) 对集体压力的评估。虽然 MSPD 在如何评估集体压力方面模棱两可，但本研究基于预先理解，即海洋空间规划 (MSP) 需要 CIA，原因有两个。首先，解决所有相关的人类活动及其压力，以符合“基于生态系统的方法”的概念并确保良好的环境状况。其次，间接地确保考虑陆海相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，在国家 MSP 流程中，CIA 的例子很少且不充分。大多数 MSP 流程通过 CIA 解决集体压力，作为战略环境影响评估的一部分。总之，虽然 MSPD 要求 MSP 以确保集体压力保持在与良好环境状态兼容的水平以下，但作为基于生态系统方法的一部分，该研究发现很少有基于生态系统的 MSP 示例。