Reversed visual feedback during unimanual training increases transfer of skills to the opposite untrained hand and modulates plasticity in motor areas of the brain. However, it is unclear if unimanual training with reversed visual feedback also affects somatosensory areas. Here we manipulated visual input during unimanual training using left-right optical reversing spectacles and tested whether unimanual training with reversed vision modulates somatosensory cortical excitability to facilitate motor performance. Thirty participants practiced a unimanual ball-rotation task using the right hand with either left-right reversed vision (incongruent visual and somatosensory feedback) or direct vision (congruent feedback) of the moving hand. We estimated cortical excitability in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) before and after unimanual training by measuring somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). This was done by electrically stimulating the median nerve in the wrist while participants rested, and recording potentials over both hemispheres using electroencephalography. Performance of the ball-rotation task improved for both the right (trained) and left (untrained) hand after training across both direct and reversed vision conditions. Participants with direct vision of the right hand during training showed SEPs amplitudes increased bilaterally. In contrast, participants in the reversed visual condition showed attenuated SEPs following training. The results suggest that cortical suppression of S1 activity supports skilled motor performance after unimanual training with reversed vision, presumably by sensory gating of afferent signals from the movement. This finding provides insight into the mechanisms by which visual input interacts with the sensorimotor system and induces neuroplastic changes in S1 to support skilled motor performance.

单手训练过程中反向的视觉反馈会增加技能向另一只未经训练的手的转移，并调节大脑运动区域的可塑性。但是，尚不清楚具有反向视觉反馈的单手训练是否也会影响体感区域。在这里，我们使用左右光学倒车眼镜在单手训练过程中操纵了视觉输入，并测试了单手训练后视力是否调节体感皮层兴奋性以促进运动表现。30名参与者使用右手进行了单手球旋转任务，该右手具有运动手的左右颠倒视觉（不一致的视觉和体感反馈）或直接视觉（一致的反馈）。我们通过测量体感诱发电位（SEPs）估算了单手训练前后初级体感皮层（S1）的皮层兴奋性。这是通过在参与者休息时通过电刺激腕部正中神经并使用脑电图记录两个半球的电位来完成的。在直接和反向视力条件下进行训练后，右手（训练）和左手（未训练）的旋转球任务的性能均得到改善。训练期间对右手有直视的参与者显示SEP的幅度在两侧均增加。相反，在训练后，视觉状态相反的参与者显示SEP减弱。结果表明，皮层抑制S1的活动在单手训练后以反向视觉支持了熟练的运动能力，大概是运动中传入信号的感觉门控。该发现提供了对视觉输入与感觉运动系统相互作用并诱导S1的神经塑性改变以支持熟练运动表现的机制的深入了解。