Abstract This work involves preparation of loaded polyaniline (PANI)/carbon xerogel (CX) composites with different mass ratios. The effect of PANI loading on the porosity and electrochemical activity of the composites is studied. Surface characterization analysis of studied samples reveals that incorporation of PANI onto the CX network reduces its specific surface area with a simultaneous expansion of the average pore diameter from the microporous to the mesoporous range. The prepared composites are tested as supercapacitor electrodes, and their electro-capacitive properties are studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a two-electrode cell using 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Results show that introducing PANI into CX network enhances the gravimetric capacitance from 156 to 612 F ∙ g−1 at current density of 0.1 A ∙ g−1 with reasonable stability. For instance, sample composite of PANI:CX = 5:1 w/w displays a retention percentage of 87.6% after 1500 repetitive cycles. In general, this synergy between PANI and CX in the prepared composites is attributed to the development of mesoporosity and the lowering of electrode resistance.

中文翻译：

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简单制备的聚苯胺/碳干凝胶复合材料作为超级电容器电极的协同性能

摘要 这项工作涉及制备不同质量比的负载聚苯胺 (PANI)/碳干凝胶 (CX) 复合材料。研究了PANI负载量对复合材料孔隙率和电化学活性的影响。研究样品的表面特征分析表明，将 PANI 加入 CX 网络会降低其比表面积，同时平均孔径从微孔范围扩大到中孔范围。制备的复合材料作为超级电容器电极进行测试，并在使用 1 M H2SO4 电解质的双电极电池中通过循环伏安法、计时电位法和电化学阻抗谱研究其电容特性。结果表明，在 0.1 A ∙ g−1 的电流密度下，将 PANI 引入 CX 网络可将重量电容从 156 F ∙ g−1 提高到 612 F ∙ g−1，并具有合理的稳定性。例如，PANI:CX = 5:1 w/w 的样品复合材料在 1500 次重复循环后显示出 87.6% 的保留百分比。一般来说，制备的复合材料中 PANI 和 CX 之间的这种协同作用归因于介孔性的发展和电极电阻的降低。