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Isolongifolene mitigates rotenone-induced dopamine depletion and motor deficits through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101890
Rengasamy Balakrishnan 1 , Dhanraj Vijayraja 2 , Thangavel Mohankumar 3 , Dharmar Manimaran 3 , Palanivel Ganesan 4 , Dong-Kug Choi 4 , Namasivayam Elangovan 3
Affiliation  

Isolongifolene (ILF), a novel tricyclic sesquiterpene compound isolated from the Indian herb Murraya koenigii, has been previously demonstrated to have a neuroprotective effect against rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in in vitro model. However, these neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of ILF are not well understood and must be further investigated to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of ILF in animal experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ILF on motor impediments, neurochemical variables, anti-oxidative indices, and apoptotic protein expression in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD was induced in male albino Wistar rats via injection of 2.5 mg/kg rotenone for 4 weeks. Rotenone produces PD-like effects by promoting mitochondrial complex I inhibition and microglial activation properties. The protective effect of three different doses of ILF 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg were evaluated for spontaneous locomotion, rotarod performance, and striatal dopamine (DA) content. The results showed that ILF dose-dependently ameliorated the rotenone-induced striatal DA loss and motor impairment from 10 mg/kg. Therefore, we selected 10 mg/kg as the ILF dose for further investigation. Chronic administration of rotenone caused PD-related pathological processes like oxidative stress, and produced a significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA transporter (DAT), Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and a significant upregulated in α-synuclein and apoptotic protein expression of Bax, Cyt-C and caspases -3, -8 and -9 as well as by decreasing Bcl2 expression. Treatment with ILF 10 mg/kg mitigated oxidative stress in rotenone-treated rats. Furthermore, ILF dramatically alleviated rotenone-induced toxicity and cell death by increasing TH, DAT and VMAT2 expression and reducing the upregulation of α-synuclein, Bax, Cyt-C, caspases -3, -8 and -9. Together, our results confirm that ILF's protective effect against rotenone-induced PD is mediated through anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, further in-depth investigations on ILF's anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective abilities are needed to establish ILF as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

中文翻译:

异长叶烯通过在帕金森病大鼠模型中的抗氧化和抗凋亡作用减轻鱼藤酮诱导的多巴胺耗竭和运动缺陷

异长叶烯 (ILF) 是一种从印度草本植物 Murraya koenigii 中分离出来的新型三环倍半萜烯化合物,先前已在体外模型中证明对鱼藤酮诱导的氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍和细胞凋亡具有神经保护作用。然而,ILF 的这些神经保护和抗凋亡作用尚不清楚,必须进一步研究以阐明 ILF 在动物实验中的潜在分子机制。本研究的目的是在鱼藤酮诱导的帕金森病 (PD) 大鼠模型中评估 ILF 对运动障碍、神经化学变量、抗氧化指数和凋亡蛋白表达的神经保护作用。通过注射 2.5 mg/kg 鱼藤酮 4 周在雄性白化 ​​Wistar 大鼠中诱导 PD。鱼藤酮通过促进线粒体复合物 I 抑制和小胶质细胞激活特性产生 PD 样作用。评估了三种不同剂量的 ILF 5、10 和 20 mg/kg 对自发运动、旋转棒性能和纹状体多巴胺 (DA) 含量的保护作用。结果表明,ILF 剂量依赖性地改善了鱼藤酮诱导的纹状体 DA 损失和运动障碍,从 10 mg/kg 开始。因此,我们选择 10 mg/kg 作为 ILF 剂量进行进一步研究。长期服用鱼藤酮会导致 PD 相关的病理过程,如氧化应激,并导致酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH)、DA 转运蛋白 (DAT)、囊泡单胺转运蛋白 2 (VMAT2) 显着减少,α-突触核蛋白和细胞凋亡显着上调。 Bax、Cyt-C 和 caspase -3 的蛋白表达,-8 和 -9 以及通过降低 Bcl2 表达。用 10 mg/kg 的 ILF 治疗减轻了鱼藤酮治疗大鼠的氧化应激。此外,ILF 通过增加 TH、DAT 和 VMAT2 表达并减少 α-突触核蛋白、Bax、Cyt-C、半胱天冬酶 -3、-8 和 -9 的上调,显着减轻鱼藤酮诱导的毒性和细胞死亡。总之,我们的结果证实,ILF 对鱼藤酮诱导的 PD 的保护作用是通过抗氧化和抗凋亡特性介导的。然而,需要进一步深入研究 ILF 的抗炎和线粒体保护能力,以将 ILF 确立为治疗帕金森病的潜在候选药物。ILF 通过增加 TH、DAT 和 VMAT2 表达并减少 α-突触核蛋白、Bax、Cyt-C、半胱天冬酶 -3、-8 和 -9 的上调,显着减轻鱼藤酮诱导的毒性和细胞死亡。总之,我们的结果证实,ILF 对鱼藤酮诱导的 PD 的保护作用是通过抗氧化和抗凋亡特性介导的。然而,需要进一步深入研究 ILF 的抗炎和线粒体保护能力,以将 ILF 确立为治疗帕金森病的潜在候选药物。ILF 通过增加 TH、DAT 和 VMAT2 表达并减少 α-突触核蛋白、Bax、Cyt-C、半胱天冬酶 -3、-8 和 -9 的上调,显着减轻鱼藤酮诱导的毒性和细胞死亡。总之,我们的结果证实,ILF 对鱼藤酮诱导的 PD 的保护作用是通过抗氧化和抗凋亡特性介导的。然而,需要进一步深入研究 ILF 的抗炎和线粒体保护能力,以将 ILF 确立为治疗帕金森病的潜在候选药物。对鱼藤酮诱导的 PD 的保护作用是通过抗氧化和抗凋亡特性介导的。然而,需要进一步深入研究 ILF 的抗炎和线粒体保护能力,以将 ILF 确立为治疗帕金森病的潜在候选药物。对鱼藤酮诱导的 PD 的保护作用是通过抗氧化和抗凋亡特性介导的。然而,需要进一步深入研究 ILF 的抗炎和线粒体保护能力,以将 ILF 确立为治疗帕金森病的潜在候选药物。
更新日期:2021-03-01
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