Allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds are among the most important food-related causes of anaphylaxis. Important clinical questions include: Why is there a variable occurrence of coallergy among these foods and Is this immunologically mediated? The clinical and immunologic data summarized here suggest an immunologic basis for these coallergies that is based on similarities among the 2S albumins. Data from component resolved diagnostics have highlighted the relationship between IgE binding to these allergens and the presence of IgE-mediated food allergy. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments provide strong evidence that the 2S albumins are the most important allergens in peanuts for inducing an allergic effector response. Although the 2S albumins are diverse, they have a common disulfide-linked core with similar physicochemical properties that make them prime candidates to explain much of the observed coallergy among peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds. The well-established frequency of cashew and pistachio nut coallergy (64%-100%) highlights how the structural similarities among their 2S albumins may account for observed clinical cross-reactivity. A complete understanding of the physicochemical properties of the 2S albumins in peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds will enhance our ability to diagnose, treat, and ultimately prevent these allergies.

对花生、坚果和芝麻过敏是引起过敏反应的最重要的食物相关原因之一。重要的临床问题包括：为什么这些食物之间会出现不同程度的联合过敏，这是免疫介导的吗？这里总结的临床和免疫学数据表明这些联合过敏的免疫学基础是基于 2S 白蛋白之间的相似性。来自成分解析诊断的数据强调了 IgE 与这些过敏原的结合与 IgE 介导的食物过敏之间的关系。此外，体外和体内实验提供了强有力的证据，证明2S白蛋白是花生中诱导过敏效应反应的最重要的过敏原。尽管 2S 白蛋白多种多样，但它们具有共同的二硫键连接核心，具有相似的理化特性，这使它们成为解释花生、坚果和芝麻之间观察到的大部分协同过敏的主要候选者。腰果和开心果联合过敏的既定频率 (64%-100%) 突显了它们的 2S 白蛋白之间的结构相似性如何解释观察到的临床交叉反应性。全面了解花生、坚果和芝麻中 2S 白蛋白的理化特性将提高我们诊断、治疗和最终预防这些过敏的能力。