Abstract

K-factor life tables and mortality factors of the apple blossom weevil Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations on apple and pear trees in three urbanized territories in Moscow and Tver provinces for three subsequent years are presented. The larva was the most affected stage. Among the biotic factors, the larvae and pupae were damaged by entomopathogenic microorganisms (presumably bacteria), the parasitoid wasps Pteromalus varians Spinola (= P. grandis Walker) (Pteromalidae), and predators, mainly thrips and sometimes pirate bugs of the genus Anthocoris. In 2016, the strongest effect of the biotic mortality factors on A. pomorum was observed on apple trees in the natural biocenosis of Dubki Park in Moscow, with the total residual mortality ΣK = 0.163; the weakest effect was observed on pear trees in a garden plot of Agronom horticultural partnership in Kimry District of Tver Province (ΣK = 0.079); the total residual mortality of the pest on apple trees in the test plot of the Laboratory of Plant Protection (Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow) had an intermediate value of ΣK = 0.097. In 2018, the following mortality factors acting on A. pomorum population in Dubki Park were determined: diseases accounted for 2.8% of mortality (k = 0.012); predators, for 1.2% (k = 0.006); parasitoids, for 0.4% (k = 0.002); unknown factors (other than rains), for 18.5% (k = 0.093). In the test plot of the Laboratory of Plant Protection, the weevil mortality from the same factors was 1.35% (k = 0.006), 0.46% (k = 0.002), 0%, and 8.9% (k = 0.041), respectively. In 2017, rains were the dominant mortality factor for the III instar larvae. According to the life tables of A. pomorum on apple and pear trees in Moscow and Tver provinces, the survival of preimaginal stages sheltered inside the flower buds was very high, reaching 64–92%. An attempt was made to estimate the urbanization pressure using two main parameters derived from the life tables: the total population mortality during preimaginal development and mortality from parasitoids. In the growing season with the climatic conditions close to the long-term average, the effect of the urbanization factor on A. pomorum population could be assessed using the first parameter; however, in the season with abnormal weather conditions such assessment was found to be impractical, due to the varying effect of extraordinary precipitation levels on different weevil populations.

中文翻译：

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莫斯科和特维尔省城市化地区苹果树和梨树上苹果开花象鼻虫种群（Anthonomus pomorum L。）（鞘翅目，Curculionidae）的生命表

摘要

ķ -因子生命表和苹果花象鼻虫的死亡率因素棉铃pomorum（L.）（鞘翅目：象甲科）在莫斯科特维尔和省份以后连续三届三年城市化地区苹果树和梨树群介绍。幼虫是受影响最严重的阶段。间的生物因子，幼虫和蛹通过昆虫病原微生物（据推测细菌）损坏时，寄生蜂金小varians斯皮诺拉（= P.桉沃克）（金小蜂科），和捕食者，主要蓟马属有时海盗错误Anthocoris。2016年，生物死亡率因子对po草的最强影响在莫斯科Dubki公园的自然生物群落中观察到苹果树上的总残留死亡率ΣK = 0.163；在特维尔省基姆里区，农学园艺合作园的一个园地中，对梨树的影响最弱（ΣK = 0.079）；在植物保护实验室（俄罗斯国立农业大学–莫斯科蒂米利亚耶夫农业学院，莫斯科）的试验地中，苹果树上害虫的总残留死亡率的中间值为ΣK = 0.097。2018年，确定了以下影响杜布奇公园Park曲菌种群的死亡率因素：疾病占死亡率的2.8％（k = 0.012）; 掠食者，为1.2％（k =0.006）；寄生虫，占0.4％（k = 0.002）; 未知因素（降雨除外），占18.5％（k = 0.093）。在植物保护实验室的测试区中，相同因素引起的象鼻虫死亡率分别为1.35％（k = 0.006），0.46％（k = 0.002），0％和8.9％（k = 0.041）。2017年，降雨是III龄幼虫的主要死亡因素。根据po的生命表在莫斯科和特维尔省的苹果树和梨树上，掩藏在花蕾中的假想阶段的存活率很高，达到64-92％。尝试使用从寿命表中得出的两个主要参数来估算城市化压力：成像前发展过程中的总人口死亡率和寄生虫的死亡率。在气候条件接近长期平均水平的生长季节中，可以使用第一个参数评估城市化因子对A曲霉种群的影响。但是，在天气条件异常的季节，由于异常降水水平对不同象鼻虫种群的不同影响，这种评估是不切实际的。