Abstract

This paper presents analysis of the effects of the alfalfa crop age, sowing method, phenological development phases, and green mass mowing on the composition and density of insects and spiders on the aboveground organs of alfalfa grown in crop rotation without irrigation, pest control measures, and fertilizers. The main inhabitants of alfalfa crops comprised over 50 species, with prevalence of the chewing herbivores: alfalfa weevil Hypera postica, alfalfa seed chalcid Bruchophagus roddi, nodule weevils Sitona lineatus and S. inops; the sucking herbivores: flower thrips Odontothrips sp., gorse shield bug Piezodorus lituratus, lucerne bug Adelphocoris lineolatus, plant bug Lygus pratensis, cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora, and pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum; the predators: spiders, predatory bug Orius niger, predatory thrips Aeolothrips sp., and variegated ladybug Hippodamia variegata. The seasonal dynamics of the composition and density of dominant groups was more pronounced in the first-year crops than in 2–4 year old ones. In field crop rotations without the use of insecticides, plots with periodic green mass mowing during the budding and flowering phases of alfalfa seed crops should alternate with unmown plots, so that plots with blossoming plants should be present in the field throughout the summer. This measure would promote the development and maintenance of highly diverse insect complexes, attract predators and pollinators, provide additional feeding for parasitic Hymeno­ptera, and reduce the number and harmfulness of herbivores as the result of greater trophic competition between them as well as of the impact of entomophages.

中文翻译：

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萨马拉省森林草原上紫花苜蓿地上器官的昆虫组成和密度的动态

摘要

本文分析了苜蓿作物年龄，播种方法，物候发育阶段和绿色割草对无灌溉条件下作物轮作种植的苜蓿地上器官昆虫和蜘蛛的组成和密度的影响，病虫害防治措施，和肥料。苜蓿作物的主要种群包括50多种，其中以咀嚼的食草动物盛行：苜蓿象鼻虫Hypera postica，苜蓿种子鳞茎球菌Bruchophagus roddi，根瘤象鼻虫Sitona lineatus和S. inops ; 吸食性草​​食动物：花蓟马Odontothrips sp。，金雀科臭虫Piezodorus lituratus，卢塞恩臭虫Adelphocoris lineolatus，植物臭虫（Lygus pratensis），cow豆蚜虫（Aphis craccivora）和豌豆蚜虫Acyrthosiphon pisum ; 食肉动物：蜘蛛，掠食性昆虫Orius niger，掠食性蓟马Aeolothrips sp。和杂色瓢虫Hippodamia variegata。第一年作物的主要成分和密度的季节动态比2-4年作物更明显。在不使用杀虫剂的大田作物轮作中，紫花苜蓿种子农作物在萌芽和开花期定期修剪绿色地块的地块应与未播种的地块交替出现，因此整个夏季应在田间摆放着开花植物的地块。该措施将促进高度多样化的昆虫复合体的开发和维持，吸引食肉动物和传粉媒介，为寄生膜翅目昆虫提供额外的食料，并减少食草动物之间的营养竞争以及对食草动物的影响，从而减少食草动物的数量和危害。食虫。