Near-ground temperatures strongly influence Arctic plant growth, reproduction, maturation and phenological relations with pollinators and herbivores. Those temperatures become further elevated within plant parts through passive solar heating, e.g. dish-shaped blossoms that focus insolation and heat-trapping pubescent structures. Other Arctic plants gain heat in hollow structures that possibly function as microgreenhouses. Arctic plants with hollow flowers in which intrafloral temperatures and temperature excesses (i.e. above nearby air) were recorded are Silene sorensenis and S. uralensis (Caryophyllaceae) with globose syncalyces, and Pedicularis langsdorfii and P. capitata (Orobanchaceae) with sympetalous corollas. The flowers heated passively, as microgreenhouses, in sunshine but not under cloudy conditions. Lateral orientation to insolation maximizes intrafloral heating in Pedicularis spp. Temperature excesses up to about 6 °C probably accelerate development of the plants’ reproductive organs (gynoecium, androecium, fruits, seeds) through 25% additional heat units (growing degree days above 0°C) over the High Arctics short, cool, active season. How these phenomena exacerbate the effects of climate change remains to be assessed.

中文翻译：

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北极空心花中的热量积累：香菜（Silene spp.（Caryophyllaceae））和莲藕（Pedicularis spp.（Orobanchaceae））合瓣花冠中可能的微温室效应

近地温度强烈影响北极植物的生长、繁殖、成熟以及与传粉媒介和食草动物的物候关系。通过被动太阳能加热，这些温度在植物部分内进一步升高，例如聚焦日照和吸热的短柔毛结构的碟形花朵。其他北极植物在可能用作微型温室的空心结构中获得热量。记录了花内温度和温度过高（即高于附近空气）的具有空心花的北极植物是具有球状合瓣的 Silene soreensenis 和 S. uralensis（石竹科），以及具有 sympetalous 花冠的 Pedicularis langsdorfii 和 P. capita（Orobanchaceae）。花朵被动加热，就像微型温室一样，在阳光下但不是在多云条件下。对日照的横向定向可最大限度地提高 Pedicularis spp 中的花内加热。在短暂、凉爽、活跃的北极地区，温度超过 6°C 可能会通过 25% 的额外热量单位（生长期高于 0°C）加速植物生殖器官（雌蕊群、雄蕊群、果实、种子）的发育季节。这些现象如何加剧气候变化的影响仍有待评估。