Autism is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition; it demonstrates some main characteristics, such as impaired social relationships and increased repetitive behavior. The initiation of autism spectrum disorder is mostly triggered during brain development by the deregulation of signaling pathways. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is one such mechanism that influences neurogenesis and neural processes during the development of the central nervous system. SMO-SHH signaling is also an important part of a broad variety of neurological processes, including neuronal cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation of SMO-SHH signaling leads to many physiological changes that lead to neurological disorders such as ASD and contribute to cognitive decline. The aberrant downregulation of SMO-SHH signals contributes to the proteolytic cleavage of GLI (glioma-associated homolog) into GLI3 (repressor), which increases oxidative stress, neuronal excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis by suppressing target gene expression. We outlined in this review that SMO-SHH deregulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autism and addresses the current status of SMO-SHH pathway modulators. Additionally, a greater understanding of the SHH signaling pathway is an effort to improve successful treatment for autism and other neurological disorders.

自闭症是一种多因素的神经发育状况；它表现出一些主要特征，例如社会关系受损和重复行为增加。自闭症谱系障碍的开始主要是在大脑发育过程中由信号通路的失调触发的。声波刺猬 (SHH) 信号传导是一种在中枢神经系统发育过程中影响神经发生和神经过程的机制。SMO-SHH 信号传导也是多种神经过程的重要组成部分，包括神经元细胞分化、增殖和存活。SMO-SHH 信号的失调会导致许多生理变化，从而导致 ASD 等神经系统疾病并导致认知能力下降。SMO-SHH 信号的异常下调有助于 GLI（神经胶质瘤相关同源物）蛋白水解切割成 GLI3（阻遏物），从而通过抑制靶基因表达增加氧化应激、神经元兴奋性毒性、神经炎症和细胞凋亡。我们在这篇综述中概述了 SMO-SHH 失调在自闭症的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，并解决了 SMO-SHH 通路调节剂的现状。此外，更深入地了解 SHH 信号通路有助于改善自闭症和其他神经系统疾病的成功治疗。我们在这篇综述中概述了 SMO-SHH 失调在自闭症的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，并解决了 SMO-SHH 通路调节剂的现状。此外，更深入地了解 SHH 信号通路有助于改善自闭症和其他神经系统疾病的成功治疗。我们在这篇综述中概述了 SMO-SHH 失调在自闭症的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，并解决了 SMO-SHH 通路调节剂的现状。此外，更深入地了解 SHH 信号通路有助于改善自闭症和其他神经系统疾病的成功治疗。