The objectives of this study were to select morphological keys for the identification of individual endangered long-tailed gorals through analysis of photographic data and to use these morphological keys to determine the number and population composition of gorals living in the Osaek Region of Seoraksan National Park. Amongst 8149 photos taken using 73 cameras in the Osaek Region, 2057 photos of faces and horns were analysed. The presence and absence of horns, shape of the horns, proportion of the ring to the length of the horn and facial colour pattern were selected as morphological keys to identify individual gorals. To verify the accuracy of the morphological keys for identifying gorals, a blind test was performed on gorals residing in the sanctuary of the Yanggu Goral Restoration Center. The test revealed that the population and age of gorals were discerned correctly by the morphological keys, but there was a 12.5% error in discriminating between sexes in gorals aged over 10 years. Fifty-six gorals were identified from 2057 pictures, based on the morphological keys and methods developed in this study. The population of 56 individuals consisted of 43 individuals aged over 2 years (subadult or adult) and 13 offspring aged less than 2 years, with a ratio of 3.3:1. Of the total 56 individuals, 45% were adults aged 10 years or older, 18% were adults aged 3–10 years, 7% were subadults aged 2–3 years, 23% were offspring aged less than 2 years and 7% were individuals aged 2 years or older, whose age and sex could not be confirmed. The sex ratio of males to females was 1.17:1, with a corrected sex ratio of 1:1 considering the 12.5% error rate for gorals aged over 10 years, amongst the 39 gorals aged over 2 years.

中文翻译：

---

用于识别韩国Osaek地区长尾go（Naemorhedus caudatus）和种群组成的形态学关键

这项研究的目的是通过对照片数据的分析来选择用于识别个别濒临灭绝的长尾目标的形态学关键点，并利用这些形态学关键点来确定生活在雪岳山国立公园奥赛克地区的目标物种的数量和种群组成。在Osaek地区使用73台相机拍摄的8149张照片中，分析了2057张脸和角的照片。选择有无角，角的形状，环相对于角的长度的比例以及面部颜色图案作为识别个别目标的形态关键。为了验证形态学钥匙识别目标的准确性，对居住在阳谷河口修复中心圣所中的目标进行了盲测。该测试表明，通过形态学特征可以正确识别目标种群和年龄，但在10岁以上的目标种群中，性别区分存在12.5％的错误。根据本研究开发的形态学关键点和方法，从2057张图片中识别出56个目标。人口56人，包括43岁以上2岁以下的成年人（成年或成年）和13岁以下2岁以下的子女，比例为3.3：1。在这56个人中，45％是10岁或以上的成年人，18％是3-10岁的成年人，7％是2-3岁的亚成年，23％是2岁以下的后代，7％是个人2岁或以上的年龄和性别无法确定。男女比例为1.17：1，考虑到12岁，校正后的性别比为1：1。