Hexokinase1 (HXK1) is an Arabidopsis glucose sensor that has a variety of roles during plant growth and devlopment, including during germination, flowering, and senescence. HXK1 also acts as a positive regulator of plant immune responses. Previous research suggested that HXK1 might influence plant immune responses via responses to glucose. Plant immune responses are governed by two main pathways: PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PTI involves the recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and leads to increased callose formation and accumulation of pathogenesis response (PR) proteins. ETI acts in response to effectors secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. During ETI, the membrane-localized protein RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4) becomes phosphorylated in reponse to interactions with effectors and mediates the downstream response. In this study, the effects of glucose on plant immune responses against infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and other P. syringae strains were investigated in the presence and absence of HXK1. Infiltration of leaves with glucose prior to infection led to decreases in bacterial populations and reductions in disease symptoms in wild-type Arabidopsis plants, indicating that glucose plays a role in plant immunity. Both PTI and ETI responses were affected. However, these effects were not observed in a hxk1 mutant, indicating that the effects of glucose on plant immune responses were mediated by HXK1-related pathways.

中文翻译：

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植物先天免疫中HEXOKINASE1的分子表征

Hexokinase1（HXK1）是一种拟南芥葡萄糖传感器，在植物生长和发育过程中（包括发芽，开花和衰老期间）具有多种作用。HXK1还充当植物免疫反应的正调节剂。先前的研究表明，HXK1可能通过对葡萄糖的反应来影响植物的免疫反应。植物的免疫反应受两个主要途径控制：PAMP触发的免疫（PTI）和效应子触发的免疫（ETI）。PTI涉及病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）的识别，并导致愈伤组织形成的增加和病原反应（PR）蛋白的积累。ETI对革兰氏阴性细菌分泌的效应子起反应。在ETI期间，膜定位蛋白RPM1相互作用蛋白4（RIN4）被磷酸化，以响应与效应子的相互作用并介导下游响应。在这项研究中，葡萄糖对丁香假单胞菌pv感染植物免疫反应的影响。在存在和不存在HXK1的情况下，研究了番茄DC3000和其他丁香假单胞菌菌株。葡萄糖在感染前浸润导致野生型拟南芥植物中细菌种群减少和疾病症状减轻，表明葡萄糖在植物免疫中起作用。PTI和ETI响应均受到影响。但是，在hxk1突变体中未观察到这些作用，表明葡萄糖对植物免疫反应的作用是由HXK1相关途径介导的。葡萄糖对丁香假单胞菌PV感染的植物免疫反应的影响。在存在和不存在HXK1的情况下，研究了番茄DC3000和其他丁香假单胞菌菌株。葡萄糖在感染前浸润导致野生型拟南芥植物中细菌种群减少和疾病症状减轻，表明葡萄糖在植物免疫中起作用。PTI和ETI响应均受到影响。但是，在hxk1突变体中未观察到这些作用，表明葡萄糖对植物免疫反应的作用是由HXK1相关途径介导的。葡萄糖对丁香假单胞菌PV感染的植物免疫反应的影响。在存在和不存在HXK1的情况下，研究了番茄DC3000和其他丁香假单胞菌菌株。葡萄糖在感染前浸润导致野生型拟南芥植物中细菌种群减少和疾病症状减轻，表明葡萄糖在植物免疫中起作用。PTI和ETI响应均受到影响。但是，在hxk1突变体中未观察到这些作用，表明葡萄糖对植物免疫反应的作用是由HXK1相关途径介导的。葡萄糖在感染前浸润导致野生型拟南芥植物中细菌种群减少和疾病症状减轻，表明葡萄糖在植物免疫中起作用。PTI和ETI响应均受到影响。但是，在hxk1突变体中未观察到这些作用，表明葡萄糖对植物免疫反应的作用是由HXK1相关途径介导的。葡萄糖在感染前浸润导致野生型拟南芥植物中细菌种群减少和疾病症状减轻，表明葡萄糖在植物免疫中起作用。PTI和ETI响应均受到影响。但是，在hxk1突变体中未观察到这些作用，表明葡萄糖对植物免疫反应的作用是由HXK1相关途径介导的。