Natural bioactive compounds have been attracting growing interest from the industries as a “greener” alternative to synthetic raw materials/products. Rhodotorula glutinis yeast naturally synthesizes added value compounds such as lipids and carotenoids, commonly used for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food applications. R. glutinis constitutes a rigid cell-wall structure, requiring energy-saving and efficient cell disruption methods for a sustainable recovery of the intracellular compounds. A simple and ecofriendly technology using mixed bio-based solvents (biosolvents) was evaluated here as an alternative platform to permeabilize yeast cells and to improve the selective recovery of β-carotene, torularhodin, torulene and lipids. The extraction ability of pure and solvent mixtures (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, cyclohexane and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran) was initially screened, demonstrating the clear impact of using mixtures to improve the extraction yields (up to three-fold increase). After identifying ethyl acetate/ethanol/water as the solvent mixture with a greater capacity to extract carotenoids and lipids, the selective recovery of carotenoids and lipids was enhanced by optimizing the solvent mixture composition ratio. Envisioning the industrial application, an integrated biosolvent-based downstream platform was designed. Two different strategies were investigated to further isolate carotenoids and lipids from R. glutinis biomass and to recycle the ethyl acetate/ethanol/water mixture: (i) precipitation using cold acetone; (ii) sequential liquid–liquid extraction. The integrated process for each strategy was compared with a conventional extraction procedure in terms of recovery efficiencies and its environmental impact. Regardless of the strategy, it is shown that the mixture of ethyl acetate, ethanol and water (15/27/58% w/w) can be reused up to three consecutive extractive cycles, ensuring high extraction efficiency yields, while decreasing the process carbon footprint by about 75% compared to the conventional method.

中文翻译：

---

使用生物基溶剂混合物从谷红假单胞菌CCT-2186酵母中选择性回收细胞内类胡萝卜素和脂质的整合平台

天然生物活性化合物作为合成原料/产品的“绿色”替代品，已经引起了业界的越来越多的关注。Rhodotorula glutinis酵母天然合成高附加值的化合物，例如脂质和类胡萝卜素，通常用于化妆品，药​​物和食品应用。谷氨酸棒杆菌它构成了刚性的细胞壁结构，需要节能和高效的细胞破碎方法来可持续回收细胞内化合物。本文评估了使用混合的基于生物的溶剂（生物溶剂）的简单而环保的技术，作为通透性酵母细胞并改善β-胡萝卜素，类固醇，甲苯和脂质的选择性回收的替代平台。最初筛选了纯混合物和溶剂混合物（甲醇，乙醇，乙酸乙酯，异丙醇，环己烷和2-甲基四氢呋喃）的提取能力，证明了使用混合物提高提取率（提高三倍）的明显作用。确定乙酸乙酯/乙醇/水为溶剂混合物并具有更大的提取类胡萝卜素和脂质的能力后，优化溶剂混合物的组成比可以提高类胡萝卜素和脂质的选择性回收率。考虑到工业应用，设计了一个基于生物溶剂的集成下游平台。研究了两种不同的策略以进一步从中分离类胡萝卜素和脂质R. glutinis生物质并循环使用乙酸乙酯/乙醇/水混合物：（i）使用冷丙酮沉淀；（ii）连续液-液萃取。就回收效率及其对环境的影响而言，将每种策略的综合过程与常规提取程序进行了比较。无论采用哪种策略，都表明，乙酸乙酯，乙醇和水的混合物（15/27/58％w / w）可以重复使用多达三个连续的萃取循环，从而确保了高萃取效率，同时减少了过程碳与传统方法相比，占地面积减少了约75％。