Reduction oxidation (REDOX) reaction is crucial in life activities, and its dynamic balance is regulated by ROS. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with a variety of metabolic diseases involving in multiple cellular signalling in pathologic and physiological signal transduction. ROS are the by-products of numerous enzymatic reactions in various cell compartments, including the cytoplasm, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and peroxisome. ROS signalling is not only involved in normal physiological processes but also causes metabolic dysfunction and maladaptive responses to inflammatory signals, which depends on the cell type or tissue environment. Excess oxidants are able to alter the normal structure and function of DNA, lipids, and proteins, leading to mutations or oxidative damage. Therefore, excessive oxidative stress is usually regarded as the cause of various pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, and kidney diseases. Currently, it has been possible to detect diabetes and other cardiac diseases by detecting derivatives accompanied by oxidative stress in vivo as biomarkers, but there is no effective method to treat these diseases. In consequence, it is essential for us to seek new therapy targeting these diseases through understanding the role of ROS signalling in regulating metabolic activity, inflammatory activation, and cardiac diseases related to metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current literature on REDOX and its role in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and inflammation, focusing on ROS, local REDOX signalling pathways, and other mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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氧化还原在调节和治疗代谢性和炎症性心血管疾病中的作用

还原氧化（REDOX）反应在生命活动中至关重要，其动态平衡受ROS的调节。活性氧（ROS）与多种代谢疾病相关，涉及病理和生理信号转导中的多种细胞信号传导。ROS 是各种细胞区室中许多酶促反应的副产物，包括细胞质、细胞膜、内质网 (ER)、线粒体和过氧化物酶体。ROS信号不仅参与正常的生理过程，还会引起代谢功能障碍和对炎症信号的适应不良反应，这取决于细胞类型或组织环境。过量的氧化剂能够改变 DNA、脂质和蛋白质的正常结构和功能，导致突变或氧化损伤。因此，过度的氧化应激通常被认为是各种病理状况的原因，例如癌症、神经退行性变、心血管疾病（CVD）、糖尿病和肾脏疾病。目前，通过检测体内伴随氧化应激的衍生物作为生物标志物，已经可以检测糖尿病和其他心脏病，但尚无有效的方法来治疗这些疾病。因此，我们有必要通过了解ROS信号在调节代谢活动、炎症激活和与代谢功能障碍相关的心脏病中的作用来寻求针对这些疾病的新疗法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于氧化还原及其在心脏代谢和炎症调节中的作用的文献，重点关注ROS、局部氧化还原信号通路和其他机制。