Background. Obesity is associated with the gut microbiota and decreased micronutrient status. Bariatric surgery is a recommended therapy for obesity. It can positively affect the composition of the gut bacteria but also disrupt absorption of nutrients. Low levels of micronutrients can affect metabolic processes, like glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, that are associated with the immune system also known as immunometabolism. Methods. MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles involving gut microbiome, micronutrient deficiency, gut-targeted therapies, transcriptome analysis, micronutrient supplementation, and bariatric surgery were included. Results. Studies show that micronutrients play a pivotal role in the intestinal immune system and regulating immunometabolism. Research demonstrates that gut-targeting therapies may improve the microbiome health for bariatric surgery populations. There is limited research that examines the role of micronutrients in modulating the gut microbiota among the bariatric surgery population. Conclusions. Investigations are needed to understand the influence that micronutrient deficiencies have on the gut, particularly immunometabolism. Nutritional transcriptomics shows great potential in providing this type of analysis to develop gut-modulating therapies as well as more personalized nutrition recommendations for bariatric surgery patients.

中文翻译：

---

免疫代谢、微量营养素和减肥手术：转录组学和微生物群靶向疗法的使用


背景。肥胖与肠道微生物群和微量营养素状况下降有关。减肥手术是治疗肥胖症的推荐疗法。它可以对肠道细菌的组成产生积极影响，但也会破坏营养物质的吸收。低水平的微量营养素会影响代谢过程，如糖酵解、TCA 循环和氧化磷酸化，这些过程与免疫系统（也称为免疫代谢）相关。方法。检索了 MEDLINE、PUBMED 和 Google Scholar。包括涉及肠道微生物组、微量营养素缺乏、肠道靶向治疗、转录组分析、微量营养素补充和减肥手术的文章。结果。研究表明，微量营养素在肠道免疫系统和调节免疫代谢中发挥着关键作用。研究表明，肠道靶向疗法可以改善减肥手术人群的微生物组健康。检验微量营养素在调节减肥手术人群肠道微生物群中的作用的研究有限。结论。需要进行调查以了解微量营养素缺乏对肠道的影响，特别是免疫代谢。营养转录组学在提供此类分析以开发肠道调节疗法以及为减肥手术患者提供更个性化的营养建议方面显示出巨大的潜力。