In the literature, smart grids are modeled as cyber-physical power systems without considering the computational social aspects. However, end-users are playing a key role in their operation and response to disturbances via demand response and distributed energy resources. Therefore, due to the critical role of active and passive end-users and the intermittency of renewable energy, smart grids must be planned and operated by considering the computational social aspects in addition to the technical aspects. The level of cooperation, flexibility, and other social features of the various stakeholders, including consumers, prosumers, and microgrids, affect the system efficiency, reliability, and resilience. In this paper, we design an artificial society simulating the interaction between power systems and the social communities that they serve via agent-based modeling inspired by Barsade's theory on the emotional spread. The simulation results show a decline in the consumers' and prosumers' satisfaction levels induced by a shortage of electricity. It also shows the effects of social diffusion via the Internet and mass media on the satisfaction level. In view of the importance of computational social science for power system applications and the limited number of publications devoted to it, we provide a list of research topics that need to be achieved to enhance the reliability and resilience of power systems' operation and planning.

中文翻译：

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电力系统可靠性、弹性和恢复的计算社会科学所需的研究

在文献中，智能电网被建模为网络物理电力系统，而没有考虑计算社会方面。然而，最终用户通过需求响应和分布式能源在其运营和干扰响应中发挥着关键作用。因此，由于主动和被动终端用户的关键作用以及可再生能源的间歇性，除了技术方面之外，还必须考虑计算社会方面来规划和运营智能电网。包括消费者、产消者和微电网在内的各个利益相关者的合作水平、灵活性和其他社会特征会影响系统效率、可靠性和弹性。在本文中，我们设计了一个人工社会，模拟电力系统与其服务的社会社区之间的相互作用，其灵感来自于 Barsade 的情绪传播理论。模拟结果显示电力短缺导致消费者和产消者的满意度下降。它还显示了通过互联网和大众媒体的社会传播对满意度的影响。鉴于计算社会科学对电力系统应用的重要性以及专门用于它的出版物数量有限，我们提供了需要实现的研究主题列表，以提高电力系统运行和规划的可靠性和弹性。模拟结果显示电力短缺导致消费者和产消者的满意度下降。它还显示了通过互联网和大众媒体的社会传播对满意度的影响。鉴于计算社会科学对电力系统应用的重要性以及专门用于它的出版物数量有限，我们提供了需要实现的研究主题列表，以提高电力系统运行和规划的可靠性和弹性。模拟结果显示电力短缺导致消费者和产消者的满意度下降。它还显示了通过互联网和大众媒体的社会传播对满意度的影响。鉴于计算社会科学对电力系统应用的重要性以及专门用于它的出版物数量有限，我们提供了需要实现的研究主题列表，以提高电力系统运行和规划的可靠性和弹性。