We aimed to obtain reliable reference charts for sleep duration, estimate the prevalence of sleep complaints across the lifespan and identify risk indicators of poor sleep. Studies were identified through systematic literature search in Embase, Medline and Web of Science (9 August 2019) and through personal contacts. Eligible studies had to be published between 2000 and 2017 with data on sleep assessed with questionnaires including ≥100 participants from the general population. We assembled individual participant data from 200,358 people (aged 1–100 years, 55% female) from 36 studies from the Netherlands, 471,759 people (40–69 years, 55.5% female) from the United Kingdom and 409,617 people (≥18 years, 55.8% female) from the United States. One in four people slept less than age-specific recommendations, but only 5.8% slept outside of the ‘acceptable’ sleep duration. Among teenagers, 51.5% reported total sleep times (TST) of less than the recommended 8–10 h and 18% report daytime sleepiness. In adults (≥18 years), poor sleep quality (13.3%) and insomnia symptoms (9.6–19.4%) were more prevalent than short sleep duration (6.5% with TST < 6 h). Insomnia symptoms were most frequent in people spending ≥9 h in bed, whereas poor sleep quality was more frequent in those spending <6 h in bed. TST was similar across countries, but insomnia symptoms were 1.5–2.9 times higher in the United States. Women (≥41 years) reported sleeping shorter times or slightly less efficiently than men, whereas with actigraphy they were estimated to sleep longer and more efficiently than man. This study provides age- and sex-specific population reference charts for sleep duration and efficiency which can help guide personalized advice on sleep length and preventive practices.

我们的目标是获得可靠的睡眠时间参考图表，估计整个生命周期中睡眠问题的发生率，并确定睡眠不佳的风险指标。研究是通过 Embase、Medline 和 Web of Science（2019 年 8 月 9 日）中的系统文献搜索以及个人联系方式确定的。符合条件的研究必须在 2000 年至 2017 年间发表，并使用问卷评估睡眠数据，其中包括来自一般人群的 100 名以上参与者。我们收集了来自荷兰 36 项研究的 200,358 人（1-100 岁，55% 女性）、来自英国的 471,759 人（40-69 岁，55.5% 女性）和 409,617 人（≥18 岁， 55.8% 女性）来自美国。四分之一的人睡眠时间低于特定年龄的建议，但只有 5 人。8% 的睡眠时间超出了“可接受的”睡眠时间。在青少年中，51.5% 的人报告总睡眠时间 (TST) 少于推荐的 8-10 小时，18% 的人报告白天嗜睡。在成人（≥18 岁）中，睡眠质量差（13.3%）和失眠症状（9.6-19.4%）比睡眠时间短（6.5%，TST < 6 h）更普遍。睡眠时间≥9 小时的人失眠症状最常见，而睡眠时间<6 小时的人睡眠质量差更常见。各国的 TST 相似，但美国的失眠症状要高 1.5-2.9 倍。女性（≥41 岁）报告的睡眠时间比男性短或略低，而通过活动记录，估计她们比男性睡得更久、更有效。