Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.

任何病因的慢性肝损伤均可发展为纤维化和终末期疾病肝硬化和肝细胞癌。肝病的进展受多种因素控制，包括肝损伤、炎症细胞、炎症介质、细胞因子和肠道微生物组。在本篇综述中，我们讨论了关于在调节肝损伤、炎症、纤维化和再生中起重要作用的大量细胞因子的最新数据，重点关注干扰素和 T 辅助细胞 (Th) 1、Th2、Th9、Th17、白细胞介素 (IL)-1 家族、IL-6 家族和 IL-20 家族细胞因子。肝细胞还可以产生某些细胞因子（如IL-7、IL-11和IL-33），简要总结了这些细胞因子在肝脏中的作用。几种细胞因子具有巨大的治疗潜力，